城镇化进程中农户宅基地退出的决策行为及影响因素

探讨农户宅基地退出的行为规律及影响因素,对于提高土地资源利用效率,推进城镇化进程具有重要意义.基于山东省的农户问卷调查数据,运用Probit模型揭示了农户宅基地退出的决策行为及其影响因素.研究表明:① 在给予退出补偿的前提下,愿意进城落户的农户占63.67%,愿意退出宅基地的农户占47.66%.愿意进城落户的农户中同时愿意退出宅基地的占58.90%,占全部愿意退出宅基地农户的78.69%.② 补偿方式,转户进城意愿是正向影响农民宅基地退出决策最重要的因素,揭示了"退有所居"是进城落户农民退出宅基地时关注的核心问题,也说明农户的城镇化意愿与宅基地退出意愿存在正向互馈关系.职业类型,家庭年收入,宅基地面积等指标也具有明显的正向作用.③ 家庭人口数量对农户宅基地退出的决策行为具有显著负向影响.针对愿意转户进城农户,宅基地多置和超标占地农户和非农户,从有偿使用,退出补偿等视角提出了宅基地退出的政策建议.

A study on farmers' willingness to quit rural residential lands and its influencing factors

Examining factors influencing behavioral patterns of quitting rural residential lands is of important significance to studies on the increase of land use efficiency and the acceleration of urbanization. Based on data from the questionnaire survey of farming households in Shandong, Probit model was employed to reveal farmers' decision making on exiting from rural residential lands and its influencing factors. As the findings show, (1) on condition that compensation is offered, 63.67% of the farmers are willing to move to and settle down in urban areas and 47.66% are willing to withdraw from rural residential lands. Some 58.90% of the former are also willing to withdraw from rural residential lands, with the number equaling 78.69% of the latter. (2) The patterns of compensation and the willingness to migrate from rural areas to urban areas are important factors positively influencing willingness to withdraw from rural residential lands, indicating that the alternative shelter in urban areas is the key issue concerned by farmers when they have to withdraw from rural residential lands, and the positive interacting exists between farmers' willingness to migrate to urban areas and their willingness to exit from rural residential lands. Occupation, income, area of rural residential lands and other indicators also showed positive impact. (3) Household size exerts significantly negative influence. Finally, recommendations of managerial implications are put forward for farmers who are willing to exit from rural residential lands, farmers with excessive rural residential lands and non-rural residents.