经济途径对地缘政治格局的影响机制及其空间表现研究进展

随着中国崛起,世界主要大国将战略中心转移至亚洲并通过各种经济组织和经济联盟等经济途径重塑中国周边环境,由此导致中国周边地缘环境形势变得极其复杂。中国则通过共建“一带一路”、亚洲基础设施投资银行、金砖国家开发银行等经济途径化解。本文按照全球—区域—国家间的尺度,探讨了国际经济组织、经济联盟和国家间经济相互依赖等3种主要经济途径对地缘政治格局的影响机制及空间表现。结果表明：通过国家间经济依赖的不对称性改变各国权力大小,进而影响地缘格局中地缘体的权力分配,其空间表现主要为影响地区冲突和改变国家地缘空间影响范围。而国际经济组织和经济联盟则通过权力再平衡影响地缘政治格局,其空间表现主要为数量增长、交错分布和空间范围扩大。中国学者对如何通过经济途径增强地缘政治影响力、改善中国地缘环境的研究不够充分。中国作为崛起中的大国,应更为关注经济实力的增强对周边乃至世界地缘政治格局的影响。为此,应加强以下几个方面研究：①将经济相互依赖转化成为有效的地缘影响力;②利用国际经济组织和经济联盟拓展中国地缘政治空间;③“一带一路”空间走向及沿线国家;④多尺度经济途径影响效应分析;⑤运用定量模拟方法探求国家地缘影响力演变的影响因素以及驱动机制等,为中国的地缘战略提供理论支撑和研究实证。

Progress of research on impacts of economic approaches on geopolitical structure and spatial expression

With the rise of China's economic and political power, many large countries in the world shift their strategic focus on Asia and try to influence China's regional political economic environment through various economic organizations and unions, which result in a complicated environment for China's development. China responds to the situation through the creation of the "Belt and Road Initiative", Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, and BRICS Development Bank. In this article, we discuss the mechanism of influence of international economic organizations, economic unions, and national economic interdependence on geopolitical structure and their spatial expression at the global, regional, and national levels. The results show that: asymmetric economic interdependence can influence national power and power distribution in world geopolitical structure, with the spatial expression of regional conflicts and change of spatial scope of influence of countries. International economic organizations and unions can influence global and regional geopolitical structure by rebalancing power, with a spatial expression of growth of influence, mosaic distribution, and spatial expansion. Within China there has been little research on how China can enhance its geopolitical influence and improve the geopolitical environment by economic approaches. In the future, research should focus on how to transform economic interdependence into effective geopolitical influence; how to expand geopolitical space by using international economic organizations and unions; the "Belt and Road" strategy, especially with regard to the spatial trends and country situations in areas that the initiative involves; and research on multi-scale economic approaches and application of quantitative models to provide theoretical support and empirical evidence for the development of China's geopolitical strategy.