生计脆弱性研究热点与前沿的可视化

以Web of science核心数据库中1991~2015年间收录主题为“livelihood vulnerability”的文献为基础,应用可视化分析软件CiteSpace Ⅲ,采取关键词共现分析、文献共被引分析、突现词分析等方法对生计脆弱性研究现状进行可视化分析。研究发现：① 生计脆弱性研究文献呈现逐年上升趋势,主要分布在生态、环境和管理等学科领域;美、英、澳、加、德5国及东英格兰大学、哥本哈根大学、麦吉尔大学、利兹大学、萨塞克斯大学等研究机构具有较强的研究实力。② Ellis F、Smit B、Adger W N、Kelly P M、Davies S和Turner B L等学者及其代表作是生计脆弱性研究的知识基础。③ 饥荒、社会生态系统、生计策略、贫困、减贫等是生计脆弱性的研究热点与前沿领域。

Visualization Analysis of the Hot Topics and Frontier on Livelihood Vulnerability Research

Livelihood vulnerability has become a hotspot research of global environment change and it is also one of the important research paradigms of sustainability science. Firstly, according to the web of science database in 1991-2015 which included the literature of livelihood vulnerability, the article analyzed the livelihood vulnerability’s distribution status, in terms of time, area, organization etc,by using statistics and visualization. The results show that the quantity of the international livelihood vulnerability research documents are on arising trend, mostly specializing in the subject of ecology, environment, resources and management or other related topics. Five countries (i.e. the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, and Germany) and research institutions of University of East Anglia, University of Copenhagen, McGill University, University of Leeds, and University of Sussex show great research strengths of livelihood vulnerability. Secondly, applying the information visualization software CiteSpace Ⅲ, this article drew the document co-citation network of livelihood vulnerability, and discussed the knowledge base and core authors. Scholars like Ellis F, Smit B, Adger W N, Kelly P M, Davies Sand Turner B L etc. and their representative works laid a solid foundation in the establishment of the theoretical elementary knowledge and other related researches. Finally, based on the keywords and burst phrases analysis of co-word and word frequency, this article drew the evolution network of livelihood vulnerability research hotspot, and explored the frontier proposition research of famine, political economics, social-ecological system, livelihood strategies, poverty reduction and so on. Because of researcher's different situation and various research motives, the research hotspots of livelihood vulnerability are mainly concentrated in the following four categories:1) Residents in ecologically fragile areas are currently being much more dependent on the natural environment and natural resources than before, climate change and agriculture research has therefore become the hotspot in livelihood vulnerability research. 2) In order to analyze food security vulnerability of different groups and help them improve their ability to deal with those problems, WFP launched the vulnerability analysis and mapping project. The way to improve adaptability, resilience and level of scientific management is always the main target in livelihood vulnerability research. 3) Poverty and risk have being two of the core issues in research course, under developed areas are often poor in resource of health care, and they also exists instability in social and political environment, leading to birth risks faced by the local population greatly increased. 4) Continuous conflict from dry weather and regional impact of fragile conditions both pose a great challenge to the well-being of local dwellings. And Africa continues to be the key areas of livelihood vulnerability research.