民族旅游地区家空间的主客角色冲突研究——以丽江白沙村为例

以社会角色与角色冲突的相关理论为指导,以云南丽江白沙村当地纳西族居民家的微观空间为研究对象,对当地居民与游客在互动过程中的角色冲突质性进行了研究。研究发现,当地少数民族居民与汉族游客在家空间的互动过程中,双方各自存在角色内冲突的现象,同时彼此之间也存在两种角色间冲突现象。互动双方在处理这些角色冲突的过程中,既反映出当地居民对经济利益的诉求,也反映出当地居民与游客在家空间中的地位与权力关系。

The Role Conflicts Between Hosts and Guests in Home Space in Ethnic Areas,Lijiang, China

As the core of ethnic tourism, the cultural interaction between local residents and tourists in ethnic tourism has been paid little attention in Chinese academic research. And the previous studies on China's ethnic communication did not involve the new ethnic exchanges promoted by ethnic tourism under the background of mass tourism. Therefore, to study the role conflicts presented in the process of cultural interaction between locals and tourists not only can help to deepen ethnic tourism research, but also can extend the field of ethnic communication studies. This article, by referring to the theory of role and role conflict from the symbolic interactionism, takes three locals’ households in Baisha Village, Lijiang, China as the micro research sites to conduct a qualitative research on role conflicts between local minority residents and Han tourists at individual level. Its findings show that multiple role conflict phenomena often take place in the interactive processes between the locals and Han tourists. While interacting with tourists, the local residents, on the one hand, intend to get economic interests from tourists by their role playing of “businessman”, and on the other hand, they have to emphasize their other two roles which are the “host” and “minority”. Specifically, the locals try to treat the tourists warmly with their role of “host” in their home space, while to protect their heritage and culture with the role of “minority”. As a result, they can maintain the advantages in the competitive market through performing their own authentic culture. Tourists also involve the intrarole conflicts between the role of “guest” and “customer”. Meanwhile, there are two interrole conflicts between the local residents and tourists, which are the interrole conflict between the tourist’s “customer” role and the local resident’s “host” role, as well as the interrole conflict between the local resident’s “businessman” role and tourist’s “guest” role. These phenomena reflect not only the locals’ pursuit of economic interests, but also the status and power relationships between locals and tourists while interacting with each other. Besides, in terms of theoretical contribution, this study not only enriches the host-guest interaction theory in tourism anthropology by examining the influence of micro space on role interactive process, but also make up for the deficiency of human geography in micro space research and tourism sociology in the aspect of space-power research.