流水地貌实验的发展与创新——缅怀沈玉昌先生创建流水地貌实验室的历程

作为中国现代河流地貌研究的开拓者和奠基人,沈玉昌先生对开创流水地貌实验研究的初衷,为后人创新流水地貌实验开拓了先河,特撰写本文纪念先生100周年诞辰。主要内容有：①憧憬河流地貌实验与筹建流水地貌实验室。包括先生的初衷、实验室调研与筹建、实验试运行及起步实验;②流水地貌实验室扩建及实验研究蓬勃发展。包括结合国家重大及地方委托项目开展的一系列实验研究,开拓流域地貌系统及坡面发育演变的实验,建立河流地貌过程响应实验相似型理论;③河流地貌实验的新进展。包括河流地貌实验室建设及实验装置更新,河型系统发育演变过程实验的新进展,穹隆与坳陷非均匀升降对河流地貌系统发育影响的实验等。最后进行了展望,为了使中国实验流水地貌学研究继续深化,需要进行6个方面创新探索,特别是：加强构造运动、气候变化及人类活动快速变化导致的非稳定状态河流动力地貌过程实验研究,揭示其复杂性、敏感性及前兆性特征,加强实验研究力量的协作与融合,加强流水地貌实验研究的综合性、交叉性学术交流。

Development and innovation of fluvial geomorphological experiments: To mark contributions of Professor Shen Yuchang on the hundredth anniversary of his birth

Professor Shen Yuchang, as a pioneer and founder of modern river geomorphology research in China and his original idea created a new era of experimental research of fluvial geomorphology. The author wrote this article to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the birth of Professor Shen. The article introduces the following developments: (1) A vision for river geomorphological experiments and preparing for building the fluvial geomorphic laboratory, including Prof. Shen's original idea, research and preparation for the laboratory, test operation and starting experiments. (2) Expansion of the fluvial geomorphological laboratory and booming experimental research, including a series of experimental research ranging from major national research projects and local projects, pioneering experimental research on the evolution of watershed geomorphic systems and slope systems, and establishing the process-response similarity theory for fluvial geomorphological experiments. (3) Recent progress in river geomorphological experiments, including the development of the river geomorphological laboratory and updating lab equipment, phylogenetic evolution experiment of channel patterns, and river geomorphic system's response to dome and depression of non-uniform uplift and subsidence, among others. (4) Finally, the article points out that in order to advance the study on fluvial geomorphological experiments in China, it is needed to continue innovations in six areas, including strengthen the experiments on non-steady state river geomorphological process caused by tectonic movement, climate change, and rapidly changing human activities to reveal the complexity, sensitivity, and precursory characteristics; and strengthen collaboration and integration of experimental research forces to enhance comprehensiveness of research and cross fertilization.