东北地区的创新能力演化及其经济带动作用分析

通过建立创新能力指标体系和计算模型,并采用相关分析、回归分析、变异系数等方法,从不同空间层级剖析了东北三省的创新能力发展格局及其对经济发展的带动作用,并根据研究结果提出了相关政策建议。研究发现：① 从创新能力分析,吉林、辽宁的创新能力增长较快而黑龙江相对较慢,省际差异呈扩大态势;地级市之间的创新能力相差悬殊,呈现明显的省会城市及门户城市集聚效应,但市级差异呈缩小态势。② 从创新贡献率分析,辽宁的科技创新转化能力及其对经济发展的带动相对较强,而吉林、黑龙江相对较弱;地级市差异较大,沈阳、大连、长春、大庆的创新贡献率比较突出,而锦州、吉林、盘锦、铁岭上升较快。③ 大部分地级市的创新发展对经济带动模式为“低创新能力-弱经济带动”和“高创新能力-强经济带动”,说明各地级市的创新发展及其对经济带动的两极分化较严重。

The Spatio-temporal Analysis of Regional Innovation Capacity and Its Economic Contribution in Northeast China

In the globalization and information era, with the development of knowledge economy, regional innovation capacity is increasingly becoming the determinant of competitive advantage. Especially for Northeastern Old Industrial Base, the innovation of science and technology has become the key support for improving comprehensive regional strength, and the strong lead for changing the mode of regional industrial structure and production. It is against such a background that this article takes a close examination on the spatio-temporal evolution of innovation capacity and its economic contribution in Northeast China. Based on literature review, principal components analysis and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process, we establish innovation capacityindex(ICI), in order to provide a more comprehensive explanation of innovation development trends. We also try to gauge and justify the economic impacts of innovation development, by regression analysis and modeling economic contribution of innovation(ECI). The findings of this article are salutary. In general, in 2003-2014, Northeast China has achieved a great development in regional innovation capacity, and has improved the economic contribution of innovation. But its rank in China has declined, as the development of ICI in Western China and Central China are much faster. Firstly, the development of ICI in Jilin and Liaoning Province are much faster than Heilongjiang, while provincial gap is becoming bigger. At local scale, there are significant regional differences in ICI, while regional digital gap is becoming smaller. Secondly, the spatial distribution of ICI has obviously positive correlation with local GDP development. At provincial scale, innovation in Liaoning Province has strongly promoted economic development, while Jilin and Heilongjiang Province are much weakly. At local scale, the difference of ECI among cities is also very remarkable, while Shenyang, Dalian, Changchun and Daqing share much higher ECI. Thirdly, the development model of most cities are ‘low ICI-low ECI’ and ‘high ICI-high ECI’, which illustrate that there are critical spatial difference between cities’innovation capacity and its economic contribution.