造山的高原——青藏高原巨型造山拼贴体和造山类型

有机质丰度是传统评价烃源岩方法的重要指标,笔者认为有机粘土复合体是烃源岩有机质的主要赋存形式。有机质生烃反应是一种有机粘土化学反应,有机质脱羧基反应是有机粘土的氧化-还原反应,有机质的热解反应是一个加氢裂解过程,含有剩余C0是烃源岩的基本特征,它说明在烃源岩生烃反应中C0始终是有剩余的,不会因为C0的不足而影响烃源岩的生烃能力。笔者认为制约烃源岩生烃能力大小的不是烃源岩C0的丰度,而是氢的来源和丰度,烃源岩粘土通过吸附水分子为生烃反应提供H+能力(Br nsted酸性)的大小和时间是决定生烃潜力大小的关键。烃源岩粘土的不同催化特性是影响油气组成的重要因素,蒙皂石对甾烷的异构化有明显促进作用。

Organoclay complexes in relation to petroleum generation

Organic carbon is the most important index for evaluation of source rocks. Organoclay complexes are the main form of organic matter in source rocks. Hydrocarbon generation in organic matter is a chemical reaction of organoclay; dehydroxylation is a redox reaction product of organoclay. Organic thermal degradation is a process of fission reaction by adding hydrogen. The presence of residual organic carbon is a basic characteristic of source rocks. It means that there is always a surplus of organic carbon in source rocks during the process of hydrocarbon generation, and that the generating capability of hydrocarbon is not influenced by the insufficiency of organic carbon. The authors consider that the generating capability of hydrocarbon is controlled by the source and abundance of hydrogen. The potential capability of hydrocarbon generation of a source rock is determined by the catalytic activity of clay and the time of development. In source rocks, the difference in catalytic characteristic of clays is an important factor influencing the constituents of oil and gas, and smectite can significantly improve the allochemical constituent of steranes.