3D打印交叉节理试件力学破裂特性研究

交叉节理普遍存在于实际岩体中,但其对岩体力学破裂特性的影响至今未有全面深入的研究。制作了含3D打印交叉节理试样,采用声发射、CT扫描技术和数字图像相关技术(DIC)分析手段对单轴条件下含交叉节理试样的力学及破裂特性进行了研究。研究结果表明:(1)主节理倾角较小时裂隙的分形维数DB与单轴强度、弹性模量和泊松比之间的变化关系比主节理倾角较大时的一致性更好,前者破裂模式的规律性好于后者。(2)主节理倾角较大时压密和弹性阶段节理和块体之间在张拉作用下会产生聚集性微破裂声发射事件,主节理倾角较小时不会产生这种现象。DIC应变云图中裂隙扩展路径上的微应变先于宏观破裂,可通过计算压缩条件下微应变最大区域预测破裂模式。(3)主节理对起裂角和裂隙扩展模式起主要作用,且声发射和分形特性具有统一性。次节理平行最大主应力时,总损伤主要由主节理扩展造成,累积声发射事件数量AAEE和DB均最大。AAEE和DB越大,破裂模式越复杂。(4)三维破裂模式以节理端部扩展产生的2~3个张拉翼裂隙面为主,内部三维宏观裂隙面上存在由不完全张拉破裂引起的非连续结构。

Mechanical characteristics and fracture mechanism of 3D printed rock samples with cross joints

The cross joints, which are ubiquitous in real rock mass, have significant influences on the fracture characteristics of rock mass but it has not been thoroughly studied. In this paper, the 3D printed samples with cross joints are made. The mechanical fracture characteristics of rock samples with cross joints under uniaxial compression are studied by means of acoustic emission, CT scanning technology and DIC image analysis. The results show that the relationships between fracture fractal dimension(D_B) and uniaxial strength, elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio have similar trends when the dip angle of primary joint is small, which has a better accordance than that of a much larger primary joint dip angle. There is a much better regularity of fracture mode of the former than that of the latter. When the dip angle of the primary joint is large, the clustered microfracture AE events occur under the tension between the joint and the block in the compaction and elastic stages, while this phenomenon will not occur when the dip angle of the primary joint is small. In DIC strain nephogram, the micro strain on the fracture propagation path is prior to the macro fracture. The fracture mode can be predicted by calculating the maximum area of micro strain under compression. The primary joint plays the main role in the fracture initiation angle and fracture propagation mode, and the acoustic emission and fractal characteristics are unified. When the secondary joint is parallel to the maximum principal stress, the total rock damage is mainly caused by the propagation of the primary joint, and the accumulative AE events(AAEE) and D_B are the largest, implying that the fracture mode is more complex when the AAEE and D_B is much larger. The three-dimensional fracture mode is mainly characterized as 2-3 tension wing fracture surfaces caused by the expansion of joints ends. On the internal three-dimensional macro fracture surface, there are discontinuous structures affected by incomplete tension failure.