山西伯方煤矿地面裂缝特征和治理措施

伯方煤矿的开采规模不断扩大，采空区形成地面裂缝，地面沉陷等大量的地质灾害。矿区地表裂缝可分为二组，主裂缝对应于开采边界与边界平行，次裂缝与开采区工作面二侧斜交，整体呈半圆弧形且平行于工作面向前逐渐发展。研究表明，地质灾害的发生与煤矿的开采条件，地表的覆盖条件和构造地质条件等有关。采用合理的开采方法可以减少地质灾害的危害，采用剥离充填式土地人工复垦方法可以尽快地恢复生态环境，改善人类的生存条件。

Ground Fissure Characters and Harnessing Measures in Bofang Coalmine,Shanxi

Along with sustained expanding of mining scope of the Bofang coalmine, a mass of geological hazards of ground fissures and surface subsidence happened. Ground fissures in the mining area can be divided into two sets, main fissures corresponding and parallel to the mining boundary, secondary fissures obliquely crosses with both sides of winning faces, en bloc semi-circular arc and parallel to working face and advancing gradually forward. The study indicated that the happening of geological hazard is tied up to coal mining, surface covering and structural conditions. To use rational mining method can reduce geological hazard, to use stripping and filling artificial land reclamation can quickly recover ecological environment, thus to improve human survival conditions.