海月水母与海蜇不同幼体阶段的种间短期竞争研究

近年来海蜇池塘养殖业的兴起，补充了传统海蜇渔业捕捞生产的不足，推动了海蜇产业的迅猛发展。海月水母常常在海蜇养殖池塘中泛滥成灾，对海蜇养殖业常常造成很大损失，但关于海蜇与海月水母的种间竞争关系尚缺乏研究。本文对海月水母与海蜇的螅状体、碟状体及水母体幼体相互之间的短期生存竞争关系进行了初步观察研究。结果表明:除海月水母碟状体可以被海蜇螅状体所捕食外，各种类型的海蜇幼体基本不能对海月水母幼体造成危害。但海月水母螅状体及其水母体幼体对海蜇幼体均存在一定的危害性，尤其是对海蜇碟状体的危害性最为严重，在饵料缺乏的情况下海蜇碟状体可以100%地被捕食。随着海蜇幼体的生长，其对于海月水母危害的抵抗力逐渐增强。本研究显示海月水母相对于海蜇而言，在幼体种间竞争关系中处于绝对优势，这是海月水母时常暴发成灾的一个重要因素。在海蜇池塘养殖生产及苗种培育过程中，应当严禁混入海月水母幼体，以避免对海蜇养殖生产造成损害。

Preliminary study on the competition in the larvae stage between Aurelia aurita and Rhopilema esculentum during a short term

In recent years,the rise of the jellyfish pond culture covers the decrease of the traditional jellyfish fisheries production in China. And jellyfish pond cultures develop rapidly with high profits. Aurelia aurita is one of the most common jellyfish bloom species which usually occurs in the culture ponds of edible jellyfish Rhopilema esculentum and causes huge losses. However,there is little research about the interspecific competition between A. aurita and R. esculentum. In this paper,a preliminary study was finished about the short-term survival and competitive relationship among the scyphistomae,ephyrae and larvae of A. aurita and R. esculentum. The results are as follows: Only the ephyraes of A. aurita can be eaten by the scyphistomae of R. esculentum,but the ephyrae and larvae of A. aurita can not be harmed by the ephyrae or larvae of R. esculentum. On the contrary,the scyphistomae or larvae of A. aurita were harmful to the scyphistomae,ephyrae and larvae of R. esculentum. Especially the ephyrae of R. esculentum could be seriously injured. When there were shortages of food,all the ephyrae of R. esculentum were eaten. With the growth of jellyfish larvae,they gradually increase resistance to the preying pressure from predators. During the scyphistomae,ephyrae and larvae stages,A. aurita is absolutely superior to R. esculentum. In other words,it could be an important reason that A. aurita often bloomed in many sea areas and culture ponds. In the process of edible jellyfish R. esculentum culturing and seedling raising,the scyphistomae,ephyrae and larvae of A. aurita should not be mixed,in order to avoid the production losses of edible jellyfish.