美国碳排放权交易体系评析

通过评析当前美国最主要的两类碳排放交易体系--自愿减排和总量控制与交易体系的发展现状与前景得到，自愿减排终因需求不足而难以维系，只有建立碳排放的总量控制与交易体系，才能进行持续的碳交易，完成减碳目标。借鉴美国区域温室气体行动、西部气候倡议和加州总量控制与交易体系的经验，建议中国选择具有一定基础的省份或行业试行总量控制与交易体系，初期排放配额的分配以免费发放为主，拍卖为辅，并严格控制碳抵消的数量和范围等，然后再逐步过渡到拍卖方式。

Review and Analysis on U. S. Carbon Emissions Trading System

The current status and development prospects of two major carbon emissions trading systems in the U. S., namely voluntary emission reduction and cap-and-trade system, are reviewed in this paper. Voluntary emission reduction is hard to maintain due to lack of sufficient demand. In order to achieve the carbon reduction targets, the cap-and-trade system should be established to keep continuous carbon trading. Based on the experience from the U. S. Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative, the Western Climate Initiative and California’s cap-and-trade system, it is suggested that China should have a trial implement of cap-and-trade system firstly in some provinces and industries with suitable conditions; in the beginning, free emission allowance should dominate, supplemented by auction, with restriction of the quantity and scope of carbon offsets. Then it gradually transited to full auction.