北极新奥尔松地区现代污染源及其指示植物研究

分析了采自北极新奥尔松(Ny-lesund)(78°55′N,11°56′E)煤矿开采区水平剖面12个点位上的三种苔原植物Dicranumangustum(苔藓类植物)、Puccinelliaphryganodes(穗状植物)和Salixpolaris(管状植物)及土壤中10种重金属(Hg、Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn、Ni、Fe、Mn、As、Se)及S、TOC的含量。结果显示采矿过程中煤层的暴露是本地区的Hg、Cd、S污染的主要来源。三种分布最广泛、数量最多的苔原植物中苔藓植物Dicranumangustum对重金属元素具有最大的富集能力,位于矿区的Dicranumangustu体内污染元素含量显著高于非矿区部分,这也说明该水平剖面上的元素污染是由当地煤矿开采导致的。同时发现,Dicranumangustum体内元素积累和土壤中元素浓度之间沿水平剖面的变化趋势较一致,能较好地反映本地区的污染状况,可以作为污染监测和指示植物。从全球区域对比来看,北极新奥尔松苔藓体内污染水平显著低于邻近的北欧等工业区,但却是北极地区Hg、Cd和S污染最严重地区,同时也比南极地区高。

The substance composition of sterols in the sediments from the Chukchi Sea,the Bering Sea and global climatic significance

We collected three kinds of tundra plants including Dicranum angustum, Puccinellia phryganodes and Salix polaris each on total 12 different sites from a coal-mining gradient profile in Ny-lesund (78°55′N, 11°56′E), Arctic. At the same time, the soil on the profile was also collected. The concentrations of 10 heavy metal elements (Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Ni, Fe, Mn, As, Se) , S and TOC were analyzed in our lab. The results showed that the modern pollution source of Hg, Cd and S in Ny-lesund is the local human's coal-mining activities. The tundra plant Dicranum angustum has the highest ability in absorbing heavy metal elements. The content of heavy metal elements in Dicranum angustum in mining area is much higher than that in non-mining area, which also suggests the pollutant source is mostly derived from coal-mining. Meanwhile, we have compared the distribution rule of these elements between plant Dicranum angustum and soil and found that, as a whole, the variation trend of them on the profile is quite similar, which showes the tundra plant Dicranum angustum can record the environmet conditions very well. So maybe Dicranum angustum can be chosen as bio-indicator for contamination in Ny-lesund. Comparing from other areas in the world, we found that the level of pollutants of Hg, Cd, S in Ny-lesund is lower than that in developed countries in Northern European, but is the highest in Arctic, and higher than that in Antarctic.