旅游地进化过程中的竞争与协作

竞争与协作是当今旅游业发展的两大热门话题，特别是在旅游地进化过程中两者的关系表现得更为突出。竞争伴随着旅游地的发展而产生，协作则把排他性的竞争转化为共生性的竞争，最终使旅游地达到优势互补的战略双赢效果。通过对旅游地进化过程的分析，认为竞争贯穿旅游地发展的始终，协作的出现带有客观必然性，竞争与协作在旅游地发展过程中呈现混合交错的关系。在这两种力量的推动之下，衍生出旅游地集聚扩散现象。

COMPETITION AND COOPERATION IN THE EVOLUTION PROCESS OF TOURISM AREAS

With a brief review of the past researches, the complicated relationship between competition and cooperation during the evolution process of tourism areas is described. Accompanying the development of tourism areas, competition arises and is divided into two types: exclusion and symbiosis because of the similarity or differentiality of tourism products. According to the super-plus character of the function in the model of competition countermeasure, the effect of cooperation is more than that of competition, so the appearance of cooperation is inevitable. By the way of cooperation, tourism areas can benefit each other. Competition and cooperation both exist in the development of tourism areas, they mix and push the tourism areas to grow, develop and mature. Under the push of the two powers, the phenomena of assemblage and diffusion occur and the distribution of tourism areas changes from sparseness to denseness, and then the tourism belts (districts or circles) form.