河流对矿山及矿山开发的水环境地球化学响应——以广西刁江水系为例

矿产资源以其不可再生性和开发利用过程中环境问题的严重性而备受世人关注。广西刁江流域的源头地带是著名的大厂矿区,较典型地反映了矿山资源开发与环境保护之间的对立关系。重点解剖刁江流域矿山及矿山开发的环境响应,探讨水环境响应。结果表明,刁江流域对上游的矿山开发存在着显著的环境响应现象,在距矿区200km以外的下游地带仍然可以观察到这种响应;刁江河水被严重污染,河床上沉积了大量尾砂。严重的水环境污染破坏了河流水生生态系统,曾造成刁江中上游河段鱼虾绝迹。河床上的尾砂沉积范围广、厚度大,重金属As、Pb、Zn、Cd含量非常高,除直接危害了水环境质量外,还造成河道泄洪能力下降和洪水淹没范围的扩大,构成对沿江土壤环境和生态环境的严重威胁。

Water environmental geochemical response of rivers to mines and mining activity-A case study of the Diaojiang River drainage system,Guangxi,China.

Non-renewability of mineral resources and serious environmental problems arising in their exploitation and utilization have led to increasing public concerns.The famous Dachang mining area located at the source of the Diaojiang River typically reflects the antithetic relationship between mineral resource exploitation and environmental protection.This paper discusses the water environmental response to mines and mining activities in the Diaojiang River drainage basin.The analytic results show that severe water environmental problems have resulted from mining operations in the upper reaches of the Diaojiang River.Pollutants even extend to the lower reaches 200 km away from the mining area.Severe water pollution has spoiled the ecosystem of the river,causing a fish kill.Tailing buildups on the river channel are very extensive and thick and have high contents of heavy metals such as As,Pb,Zn and Cd,which,in addition to directly jeopardizing the quality of water environment,has resulted in the decrease in the flood discharge capacity and increase in the flooded area.All of these have significant negative effects on the local ecosystems along the river.