土地利用变化对区域生态系统服务价值的影响——以北京市为例

以北京东北3个区(县)为例,利用从1996年和2005年TM影像中获取的土地利用数据,参照3种典型的生态系统服务价值系数,对比研究该区域的土地利用结构与生态系统服务价值的变化及其相互关系。结果表明:(1)1996—2005年研究区的土地利用变化十分剧烈。耕地变化最明显,共减少264.38 km2,水域和未利用地分别减少72.19,0.17 km2,林地、草地、建设用地面积则分别增加63.76,19.94,253.05 km2。(2)区域总生态系统服务价值在1996—2005年呈下降趋势,依据3种价值系数计算分别下降5.22,3.68,36.49亿元,且离城区中心越远,生态系统服务价值下降越快。(3)在快速城市化进程中,建设用地面积增加,耕地、水域面积减少是研究区生态系统服务价值大幅下降的主要因素。

Variation of Ecosystem Services Value in the Suburbs of Beijing Based on the Land Use Change

Using the data of land-use change produced from the integrating Landsat TM images of Beijing City in 1996 and 2005, this paper analyzes the change of land use structure and ecosystem services value and their rela-tionship by three typical coefficients of ecosystem services value. The results show that : (1) The variation of land-use in the study area from 1996 to 2005 is dramatic. The cropland decreases dramatically and reduces 264.38 km2, the water and unused land reduce 72.19, 0.17 km2 respectively while the forest, grass land, construction land in-crease 63.76,19.94,253.05 km2 respectively. (2)When assessed by the three different indices, the total ecosys-tem services value from 1996 to 2005 decreases 0.522,0. 368 and 3. 649 billion yuan respectively. The farther a-way from the downtown, the faster decline in the value of ecosystem services. (3) In the process of rapid urbaniza-tion, the main factors that caused the ecosystem services value decline significantly in the study area is the con-struction land, the cropland and water area.