Acoustic propagation analysis with a sound speed feature model in the front area of Kuroshio Extension |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China;2. Key Laboratory of Ocean Acoustics and Sensing (Northwestern Polytechnical University), Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710072, China;1. School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, S 639798 Singapore, Singapore;2. Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Digipen Institute of Technology Singapore, 510 Dover Road, Singapore 139660, Singapore;3. Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore;1. Department of Engineering Materials, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK;2. Fortescue Metals Group Ltd, Level 2, 87 Adelaide Terrace, East Perth, Western Australia 6004, Australia;3. Tata Steel Research Development and Technology, Swinden Technology Centre Moorgate, Rotherham S60 3AR, UK;4. Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK;1. Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States;2. Institute of Theoretical Physics & Computational Physics, Department of Physics, University of Crete, GR-710 03 Heraklion, Greece;1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong;2. Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China;3. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China |
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| Abstract: | This paper aims to analyse acoustic-propagation character in the front area of Kuroshio Extension (KE). By analysing Argo data and the Sea surface height (SSH) data in this KEF area, a two-dimensional (2D) sound-speed feature model (SSPFM) characterising the KEF is proposed. The SSPFM has a transition zone with a width about 100 km and the sound channel changes from 1000 m south of KEF to 300 m north of KEF, resulting in a sharp gradient about 7 m/km. Along with the meandering character of the KEF axis, the sharp gradient results in a rather complicated acoustic environment in the KEF area. With reanalysis data from the hybrid coordinate ocean model, a three-dimensional (3D) sound-speed environment is established. The acoustic propagation character in the KEF area is then analysed with the 2D SSPFM and the 3D acoustic environment. Results show that the KEF affects acoustic propagation mainly by modifying the sound channel depth. Given that acoustic propagation in the KEF area is influenced mainly by the meandering KEF, with the near-real-time SSH data to locate the KEF, the 2D SSPFM is able to provide a near-real-time estimate of the underwater 3D acoustic environment. |
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| Keywords: | Kuroshio Extension Front Sound speed feature model Acoustic propagation Sea surface height data |
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