祁连山北缘酒西盆地新生代沉积通量变化对周缘山体构造隆升-风化剥蚀历史的响应

酒西盆地是青藏高原东北缘的一个内陆沉积盆地,发育了巨厚且连续的中-新生代地层,详细记录了盆地及周缘山地的构造、环境演变历史。本文在利用平衡剖面法恢复不同时期酒西盆地原始盆地边界基础上,通过盆地天然露头控制剖面和钻井资料的地层厚度,恢复了酒西盆地新生代各组沉积等厚图。根据不同时期盆地大小和沉积等厚图的计算,获得了酒西盆地新生代不同时期的沉积通量。结合前人对该区构造与古气候研究成果,认为古近纪持续干旱的气候条件下从火烧沟组(40.2~33.4 Ma)到白杨河组(30.9~23.8 Ma)盆地沉积通量增加主要由青藏高原持续挤压使祁连山快速构造隆升导致风化剥蚀量增加所致;中新世早期(疏勒河组弓形山段,23~14 Ma)虽然气候相对温暖,但此时祁连山构造带相对稳定,控制了物源区祁连山风化剥蚀量相对前期减小,使盆地沉积通量相对减小;中新世中期(疏勒河组胳塘沟段,14~8.3 Ma)盆地沉积通量增大可能是气候和构造共同作用的结果;中新世晚期以来(<8.3 Ma,疏勒河组牛胳套段-玉门组)盆地沉积通量呈阶段性大幅陡增,主要由祁连山晚新生代以来阶段性急剧构造隆升导致风化剥蚀量猛增所致。

The Response of Sediment Flux of Jiuxi Basin in the Northern Boundary of Qilian to the Tectonic Uplift and Weathering-denudation History

The Jiuxi basin, an inland basin located along the northeastern boundary of Tibetan Plataeu, is rich in thick and consistent Mesozoic-Cenozoic sedimentary strata, which precisely recorded the tectonic evolution of thesturctures and environment of the basin and its adjacent mountains. Based on Cenozoic sediment fluxes study of Huoshaogou, Shiyangjuan, Laojunmiao, Ciyaokou, Hongliuxia, Dahongquan, Wenshushan section of Jiuxi Basin. We founded that: The increase of sediment flux from Huoshaogou(40.5~33.3 Ma) to Baiyanghe(30.9~23.8 Ma) formation under arid climate was caused by acceleration weathering of Qilian Shan and consistent depression of Jiuxi Basin; In the Early Miocene time(Gongxingshan section 23~14 Ma), the sediment flux during the period was low. We attribute this change to the quite tectonic activity, although the climate was relatively warm during this time interval; In the Middle Miocene time(Getanggou section, 14~8.3 Ma), the sediment flux was controlled by the effect of both climate and tectonic activtities of North Qilian Shan; In the Late Miocene time(<8.3 Ma, Niugetao-Yumen Formation), the sediment flux was high and sharply increased. This change was responsible for the quickly uplift of North Qilian Shan, and the following acceleration of weathering and denudation.