菲尔德斯半岛植物和表层土壤中部分金属元素的富集特征

利用湿法消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱仪对南极菲尔德斯半岛地区植物和表层土壤中的化学元素进行了分析,讨论了其元素含量、相关性、富集系数及污染指数等化学特征。研究发现,南极菲尔德斯半岛土壤和植物中的Ni、Li、As、Cs变异系数波动较大,且土壤中元素的区域性变化小于植物。植物中的Al、Fe、Mn元素丰度主要依赖于土壤元素丰度的高背景值,而对Ca、K、Cr、Ba元素具有较强的选择吸收能力,对重金属元素Cr、Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb富集能力很强。进行重金属污染评价表明,南极菲尔德斯半岛地区受到不同程度的污染,Cu元素存在普遍污染,Cd和As均达到了轻度污染,Cd元素的潜在生态风险最大。

ENRICHMENT CHARACTERISTICS OF METALS IN PLANTS AND SURFACE SOILS IN FILDES PENINSULA,ANTARCTICA

The chemical composition of plants and surface soils from Fildes Peninsula, Antarctica, was determined by wet digestion and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Chemical features, such as element content, enrichment coefficient, bivariate correlation and pollution index, are discussed. Variance coefficients of Ni, Li, As and Cs were high in both soils and plants, but regional variation of elements in soils was lower than in plants. In plants, the concentrations of Fe, Al and Mn were affected primarily by high background levels in soils, whereas Ca, K and Cu were selectively absorbed; concentrations of Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb were all highly enriched. These results demonstrate the Fildes Peninsula has been polluted, with Cu widespread, Cd and As occurring at relatively low levels, and with Cd posing the greatest potential ecological risk.