最小二乘地震波4D球面扩散与吸收补偿方法及其应用研究

基于地震波传播过程中能量衰减的物理机制理论分析，通过梳理已有研究成果，采用正弦函数分频、最小二乘法高阶e指数曲线拟合等技术研发了可实现时间、频率、炮检距和炮域内地震波4D球面扩散与大地吸收衰减补偿方法，解决了常规振幅补偿无法补偿振幅随频率衰减和剩余补偿的问题。实际地震资料处理结果表明，相较于常规振幅补偿方法，该方法可更准确地对球面扩散和大地吸收造成的地震波衰减进行自适应拟合与补偿，较好的恢复中、高频信号成分，提高主频，拓宽频带，有效提高成像分辨率，并较好地保持了振幅的相对关系。

4D Spherical Divergence and Absorption Compensation Based on Least-squares for Seismic Wave

Based on the physical mechanism theoretical analysis of energy attenuation in the process of seismic wave propagation, and combing the previous research results, we use sine function frequency division, least-square high-order e exponential curve fitting and other technologies to develop the 4D spherical divergence and absorption compensation in time domain, frequency domain, offset domain and shot domain. This method can solve the compensation problem of amplitude attenuation with distance and frequency, as well as the problem of residual amplitude compensation. The results of actual seismic data processing show that the proposed method can more accurately fit and compensate the seismic wave attenuation caused by spherical divergence and earth absorption, better recover the medium and high frequency signal components, effectively improve the main frequency, broaden the frequency band, improve the imaging resolution, and better maintain the relative relationship of amplitude, compared with the conventional amplitude compensation methods.