中国华北和西北地区水量短缺对农业的压力及对策

华北平原的耕地占全国的 31.19% ,人口占全国的 2 6 .0 1,但水资源只占全国的 6 .14 % ,水资源的供需矛盾很大。而西北地区的水资源分布不均 ,内陆河流域的引水率过高造成了河水断流、湖泊干涸和土地沙漠化。至 2 0 5 0年 ,全国工业和城镇用水将消耗 5 0 %的供水 ,农业用水将比现在减少 ,但黄河流域和西北农业需水量将比2 0 0 0年增加 73× 10 8m3 ,保障农业用水的难度将比现在更大。要避免中国干旱区农业用水的短缺 ,需采取从中国南部的长江流域调水到华北、提高水资源的利用效率、应用节水灌溉技术、调整种植结构和在城市循环用水、净化工业和生活废水等措施

PRESSURE OF WATER SHORTAGE TO AGRICULTURE IN THE NORTH AND NORTHWEST REGIONS OF CHINA

The arid land in China is mainly in the North and Northwest. The Northern China is the main region for food produce, farmland there is 31.19% of the total farmland in China, and population is 26.01% of the total in China, but water resources there is only 6.14% of the total in China. Groundwater is over pumped for 6.53 billion cubic meters every year in the area of Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei Province, water supply could not be meet demand there. The distribution of water in the Northwestern China is uneven and some inland rivers and lakes are dried up, and desert has expanded since river water in the upper reaches is diverted for irrigation. Up to 2050, population will increase to 1.6 billion, and industry will develop fast, 50% of the supplied water will used by industry and resident, water for agriculture will decrease year by year. Water demand for agriculture in Yellow River Watershed will be increase of 5.6 billion cubic meters in the future of 50 years, and in Northwestern China will increase for 1.7 billion cubic meters . It will be impossible for Yellow River, it always drying up in the cold half year since 1984, to supply water to meet the demand. To avoid water shortage on agriculture in the arid regions, it is necessary to divert water from the Yangtze River in the south of China, to use water efficiently, to adopt drip irrigation technology in agriculture, to recycle water in industry and resident, and to control water pollution. Otherwise water shortage in the arid regions will restrict the development of agriculture in China