东海水母类的研究

水母类是海洋浮游生物重要类群之一,不仅种类多、数量大,而且分布广,不少种是世界性分布。有些种可作为一定海流或水团的指标。水母类除钵水母纲的少数种,如海蜇可供人们食用外,多数水母是幼鱼和甲壳类幼体的敌害,水母类触手的刺细胞或粘细胞含有毒素,对人类的健康有一定危害。 东海水母类研究工作先后有 Collingwood(1868)、 Light(1924)、林绍文(1937)、Sproston(1949)、丘书院(1954)、许振祖等(1962、1974)、高哲生等(1962)、洪惠馨(1964)、张金标等(1975)。以上大部分偏重于分类工作,研究材料大多采自沿海局部地区:因而不能概括东海水母类整个面貌。本文就东海水母类种类组成,分布概况及其与水文要素的关系作初步探讨。 本文所用材料是我所调査船于1959年1-12月在北纬28°以北、东经124°以西东海西部水域、1975年10月、1976年6-7月、8-9月三个航次在北纬26°31''-31°30′、东127°以西,水深30米以外的广阔东海大陆架区和1978年5月29日-7月3日在北纬26°31′-32°30′,东至东经129°,水深40米以外包括冲绳海槽在内的广大水域,进行浮游生物拖网采取的样品。 采集用大型浮游生物网(网长270厘米、网口面积0.5㎡、GG36筛绢)从底至表垂直拖网、标本用5%福尔马林海水固定,定量方法采用个体计数法,然后换算为单位体积水体中的个数(个/100m3)。

THE MEDUSAE OF THE EAST CHINA SEA

The present paper deals with the Medusae colleeted from the East China Sea by the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica, during 1959 and 1975-1978.A total of seventy-nine species belonging to Aothomedusae (8 species), Leptomedusae(15 species), Traehymedusae (4 species), Narcomedusae (3 species) Siphonophorae (42 species), Scyphozoa(2 species), and Ctenophora (5 species) are. identified. Of these, Rosacea plicata, Amphicaryon acaule, Vogtia glabra, Sulculeolaria monoica, Lensia conoidea, L.cossack, L. challengeri, L. hotspur, L. tottoni, L. meteori, L. fowleri,Ceratocymba sagittata, Nausitho punctata and Pelagia noctiluca are recorded for the first time from China waters and Rosacea plicata, Amphicaryon acaule, Vogtia glabra,Sulculeolaria monoica, Lensia conoidea, L. campanella, L. fowleri, L. challengeri L.hotspur, L. tottori, L. meteori, Eudoxoides mitra, Ceratocymba sagittata, A byla haeckeli, Abylopsis eschsholtzi, Nausitho? punctata and Pelagic noctiluca are recorded for the first time from the East China Sea. The Medusae fauna of the East China Sea is composed mainly of warm-water species(about 70.8% of the total number of species), and the rest are neritic warm-temperate species. The Medusae of the East China Sea is dominated by Diphyes chamissonis, Muggiaea atlantica Pleurobrachia globosa and Aglaura hemistoma, of which the first three species distributed mainly in the waters off Zhejiang coast, Aglaura hemistoma distributed mainly in offshore waters. The number of species of the Medusae of the East China Sea decreased with the increasing of latitudes. On the basis of the pattern of their latitudinal distribution, the Medusae in this region may be divided into three ecological groups: (1) eurythermal and low-salinity form, (2)high-temperature and low-salinity form, (3)high-temperature and highsalinity form. A comparison of the species composition of the Medusae fauna of the East China Sea with those of neighbouring waters shows that the East China Sea, fauna is related more closely to the South China Sea than to the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea.