黑潮地区表层水温的月趋势预报

表层水温长期预报问题的研究已有多年历史。早期的学者主要用相关分析和水温长期变化的规律来制作月、季或更长期的预报,如Hatanka(1948),Watanabe和Hirao(1955), Kolesnikov(1947,1953)以及Milar(1952)等。六十年代以来,不少学者采用数值计算方法,预报北太平洋及全球范围内的月际温度变异,如Adem(1969,1970),J.Jacobs(1967)和Shigeo Moriyasu (1969,1970)等,他们在数值模式中,考虑了海洋与大气之间的热量交换,洋流与风海流的热量输送及其搅拌作用,以及水平与垂直方向上的涡动扩散;从大范围看,得到了较好的预报效果。Namias(1972)在分析北太平洋海面温度的时空分布及其与海平面气压场的关系时,发现可以根据水温变化的时间持续性和空间相关性及其与海平面气压场的关系,预报月平均水温及相应的海平面气压。以上所述及其他许多研究成果,目前能用于常规预报的,主要仍然是经验方法。本文通过分析黑潮地区表层水温与前期大气环流的相关,选取相关系数高的站点,用阶段回归方法,建立了本海区各月的水温月趋势预报方程。 文中采用的水温资料(1951-1974年)取自日本及美国发表的北太平洋海面水温资料,计算过程中对前后12年资料的系统误差进行了校正,500亳巴高度场资料取自上海中心气象台。黑潮地区的表层水温用20°N,125°E;20°N,130°E;25°N,125°E;25°N,130°E;30°N,130°E;30°N,135°E等六个站的平均资料来代表。

MONTHLY TENDENCY PREDICTION ABOUT SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE IN THE KUROSHIO REGION

Using data accumulated for 24 years, the general investigation has been made on the correlation of sea surface temperature in Kuroshio region and previous northern hemisphere 500 mb high field. By analyzing previous atmospheric circulation in relation to sea surface temperature in Kuroshio, it is pointed out that effect is apparent in winter, spring and antumn, but less in summer.On this basis,taking eight optimum correlation points, fitting equation was built up monthly by means of stage regression. The forecast for 22 months has been made by this method. The result of which showed that each month is approaching to the fact except June, July,August and September.