长江口鱼类食物网与营养结构的研究

鱼类食物网是海洋生态系统中物质循环与能量流动的重要途径,营养结构则是表明能量流动过程中不同消费者的营养水平以及消费者之间的营养关系,二者对研究海洋生态系统中鱼类捕食与被捕食、种间竞争、种群调节以及数量变动等都具有重要意义。但国内、外关于长江口鱼类食物网及营养结构的研究尚未见详细报道。 为探讨三峡工程对河口生态系统的影响,中国科学院海洋研究所于1985年9月至1986年8月对长江口及邻近海域进行了周年综合性本底调查,并对长江口鱼类食物类型作了简单的描述(刘瑞玉、罗秉征等,1987),本文根据以上资料对长江口60种主要鱼类的食物组成、摄食生态类型、食物网与营养结构进行了分析,以期为研究长江口生态系统的功能、生物生产过程以及合理开发利用长江口渔业资源提供科学依据。

STUDY ON FOOD WEB AND TROPHIC STRUCTURE OF FISH IN THE CHANGJIANG RIVER ESTUARY

Analysis of 6183 stomach contents of 60 fish species collected from the Changjiang River Estuary during 1985-1988 and 1991-1993 showed that 10 species of the fish were planktophagic with pelagic copepod as their main food items, 14 species were benthophagic, mainly feeding on benthic crabs and shrimps, 11 species were nektophagic, mainly preying on cuttlefish and small fish, other 25 species were mixed feeding fish with crabs, shrimps, cuttlefish and small fish as their main prey items.