吉林省中部水资源利用趋势分析及对策

吉林省中部是全国重要的商品粮基地和东北重要的经济区,水资源的短缺和不合理利用严重制约了该区社会经济的可持续发展。根据水资源时空分布特征和开发利用现状,认为本区总体上为水资源脆弱区。从水资源需求趋势和供给能力两方面,综合判断水资源利用高峰将出现在2020年左右,用水量约为55～60亿m~3。水资源利用结构将有显著的变化,到2030年时,居民用水、工业用水、农业用水三者需水量之比达到1∶2∶2的水平。提出建设节水农业是实现区域水资源可持续利用的战略性措施；合理利用雨洪资源是提高供水体系稳定性的关键手段；实施水源置换工程是改善供水系统的重要举措；建立合理的水价体系是实现水资源合理配置的基础性工程；加强水资源的综合管理是实现水资源可持续利用的体制保障。

Discussion on Sustainable Utilization of Water Resources in the Middle Part of Jilin Province

The middle part of Jilin Province is an important base of commodity grain and important economic region in the Northeast China.The shortage and unreasonable utilization of water resources has brought on many environment issues,such as salinization,desertification,water pollu- tion and so on,which have seriously restricted the sustainable development of socio-economy.By analyzing the water supply and water demand,the peak of water demand will appear in 2020,when the water demand will be 5.5 ~6 billion m~3.The proportion of water demand will also change,the water demands for life,industry and agriculture will be 1:2:2 by 2030.Therefore,building water-saving agriculture is a strategic measure for sus- tainable utilization of water resources;Rational utilization of rain resources is a key means to enhance stability of water supply systems;Water re- sources replacing project is an important measure to improve water supply system;Establishing reasonable water price system is a basic project to re- alize rational distribution of water resources;And to strengthen the comprehensive management of the water resources is the system safeguard of sustainable utilization of water resources.