台湾岛及其邻域地层和构造特征

台湾碰撞造山带作为世界上最年青的造山带之一，具有其独特的地质环境。它位于菲律宾海板块和亚欧板块的交汇处，东北面为东北-近东西走向的琉球沟-弧-盆系，东侧为西北向运动的菲律宾海板块，向南为近南北走向的吕宋岛弧，并与冲绳海槽和马尼拉海沟的形成演化密切相关，从而造就了众多形态复杂、成因各异的区域地层和构造现象。台湾岛自东向西可划分为海岸山脉带、台东纵谷、中央山脉、西部山麓带和沿海平原带五个构造-沉积单元。以台东纵谷为界，两侧在地形地貌、地层组成、岩石性质、重力、磁力等地质地球物理特征上均表现为明显不同，分别隶属于不同的板块构造单元，西侧属于欧亚板块的中国大陆边缘，东侧的海岸山脉带则是北吕宋火山岛弧的向北延伸。

Stratigraphic and Structural Characteristics of Taiwan Island and Its Adjacent Area

As one of the youngest orogenic belts in the world, the Taiwan collision orogenic belt has speci(fic) gelogic environment, lies in the junction area of the Philippine Sea plate and Eurasian plate with the N-E to nearly E-W trending Ryukyu trench-arc-basin system on the northeast and the nearly N-S trending Luson Island arc on the south, and is related to the evolution of the Okinawa Trough and the Manila Trench, which brought about complex stratigraphic and structural phenomena. The Taiwan Island can be divided from east to west into 5 tectono-stratigraphic units, the coastal range, East Taiwan longitudinal valley, cental range, western foothills and coastal plain. Taking the East Taiwan longitudinal valley as a boundary, the terrains on two sides show different geologic and geophysical characteristics, and belong to different plate-tectonic units. The western terrain belongs to the Chinese continent margin of Eurasian plate, and the eastern coastal range is the northward extension of the Luson volcanic island arc.