国际海洋浮游动物研究进展

综述了国际上有关海洋浮游动物种群、群落结构、多样性及浮游动物对全球气候变化响应等方面研究进展。海洋浮游动物种类繁多, 数量丰富, 分布广泛, 是海洋生态系统中最重要的生物类群。在海洋食物网中, 浮游动物通过摄食浮游植物控制初级生产力, 同时, 又被更高营养阶层的动物(鱼、虾、鲸、海鸟等)捕食, 充当次级生产者的角色, 其群落结构、种群动态和物种多样性影响鱼类和其他海洋动物资源量, 浮游动物是海洋食物网中关键环节。海洋生态系统动力学过程的关键环节是浮游生物的生物学和生态学过程, 多项国际研究计划以生物多样性和年际变化趋势为研究重点并联系全球变化及响应, 因此, 浮游动物的研究已成为海洋生态研究的核心内容之一。国际上对浮游动物的研究主要集中在以下6个方向:(1)浮游动物生境、种群的分布和扩散动力学研究;(2)浮游动物的群落结构和多样性;(3)浮游动物的实验生态和现场受控生态研究;(4)浮游动物对全球气候变化的响应;(5)深海、南北极、低氧区等极端生境的浮游动物生态学研究;(6)浮游动物研究新技术和方法。

International research advances in marine zooplankton

The recent advances in marine zooplankton research is reviews, which includes research areas of marine zooplankton community structure and biodiversity and zooplankton's responses to global climate change. Marine zooplankton is rich in species numbers, abundant and widely distributed, and they play a vital role in marine ecosystems. In the marine food webs, zooplankton controls primary production by grazing on phytoplankton. At the same time, they are the prey of animals of higher trophic levels, such as fish, shrimp, whales and seabirds, acting as the role of secondary producers. The community structure, population dynamics and species diversity of zooplankton influence the amount of fish and other marine animal resources. Thus, zooplankton is the key link in the marine food webs, and the biological and ecological processes of zooplankton drive the ecosystem dynamics in global oceans. Many international research programs have focused on the biological diversity, inter-annual variability and long-term trend of the plankton communities, and related them to global climate change. This paper summarized the recent advances in zooplankton research in the following 6 major areas: (1) zooplankton habitats, population distributions and proliferation dynamics; (2) community structure and diversity of zooplankton; (3) experimental ecology and controlled in situ ecological study of zooplankton; (4) zooplankton's responses to global climate change; (5) zooplankton ecology in extreme habitats such as deep-sea, polar and low-oxygen areas; (6) new technologies and methods for zooplankton research．