国内天文地球动力学中的潮汐研究

简要说明了天文地球动力学范畴内所研究的潮汐现象，包括由日月引潮力引起的固体潮、海洋潮、大气潮和由于地球自转轴的极移引起的极潮，以及这些潮汐对地球自转和地球自转的测量产生的效应。重点阐述中国天文学界在这一领域里的研究成果。这些研究涉及潮汐影响地球自转的机制，也就是各种潮汐效应与极移、自转速率变化和章动的关系，包括构建这类关系的理论模型，分析潮汐对它们的影响，利用中国古代丰富的天象记录计算地球自转的长期减慢，计算弹性或滞弹地球的洛夫数，依据某一地球模型计算潮汐效应或章动序列等等。研究也涉及在测量地球自转参数的不同技术中各种潮汐效应对测量结果产生的影响及其改正，并涉及与潮汐有关的观测方法的优化和数据处理过程的改进。最后介绍了中国学者所发现的脉冲星的周期和周期变率测量中的潮汐效应，尽管它们的量级甚微，但不容忽视。

Progress in China in the Tide Researches in Astrogeodynamics

In this paper the tidal phenomena are concisely specified, including the solid tides, ocean tides and atmospheric tides due to the luni-solar tide-generating force, and the Earth pole tide due to the motion of the Earth's rotation axis (polar motion); as well as their effects on the Earth rotation. The outcomes of scientific researches of Chinese astronomers on this scope are emphatically expounded. These researches deal with the mechanisms of the effects of tides on the Earth rotation, namely relations between the effects of tides and the Earth rotation, involving construction of theoretical models of these relations, analysis of the influence of tides upon the Earth rotation, computation of the secular deceleration of the Earth rotation with abundant astronomical records of ancient China, calculation of Love numbers of an elastic or anelastic Earth, effects of tides and nutation series calculated on the basis of a certain Earth model etc.; the researches deal also with the tidal effects on the results of measurements of the Earth rotation parameters with various techniques and their corrections, as well as with the optimization of observational methods and the improvement of data processing method related to the tides. Finally, the effects of tides discovered by Chinese researchers on the measurements of the period and period rate of pulsars are briefed, though very small in their magnitude but not negligible.