黄土高原沟壑区传统村落的空间特征及其影响要素 ——以陕西省榆林市国家级传统村落为例

以地处黄土高原沟壑地区的榆林市国家级传统村落为例,利用GIS空间分析、形态指数、空间句法等空间分析方法,从宏观空间分布到个体形态特征,揭示地域环境与村落选址、形态生成及空间组织的内在关联性。结果表明:榆林市国家级传统村落呈现“西北稀疏、东南密集”的总体空间格局,纵观历史发展格局从东到西呈轴向集聚形态,存在沿山腰等高线、支流流向的分布特征;在地理环境限制下,传统村落外部边界形态主要为块状集聚、指状离散形态发展,空间集聚中心出现村落内部与村落边缘交通的差异化分布;通过地理、生态、气候和风水对村落空间组织的内在关联性进行分析,发现村落形态演化从生存适应性转向主动寻求发展,揭示了传统村落空间形成、组织、生长的内在逻辑。

Spatial Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Traditional Villages in Loess Plateau Gully Area:A Case of National Traditional Villages in Yulin City of Shaanxi Province

Taking the national-level traditional villages of Yulin City in the gully region of the Loess Plateau as an example,using GIS spatial analysis,morphological index,spatial syntax and other spatial analysis methods,from the macro-spatial distribution to the individual morphological characteristics,it reveals the internal relevance of the regional environment,village location,morphology generation and spatial organization.The results show that:The national-level traditional villages in Yulin City present an overall spatial pattern of“sparse northwest and dense southeast”.Historically,the axial agglomeration from east to west is formed,and there are distribution characteristics along mountainside contours and tributary flow directions;Under the restriction of geographic circle,the external boundary of traditional villages mainly developed in the form of block agglomeration and discrete fingers.The spatial agglomeration center has a differentiated distribution of traffic within the village and the edge of the village;Through geography,ecology,climate and geomancy’s internal analysis of the spatial organization of villages found that the evolution of village morphology has shifted from survival adaptability to active pursuit of development,revealing the internal logic of the formation,organization,and growth of traditional villages.It provides a basis for the protection and planning of traditional villages in the process of rapid urbanization.