山东省基础教育师资配置的时空格局与影响因素

以师生比为衡量指标,采用标准差、变异系数及探索性空间数据分析等方法对2000—2019年山东省基础教育阶段师资配置的时空格局与影响因素进行分析。结果表明:2000—2019年山东省小学师生比呈平缓波动趋势,中学师生比总体呈现上升趋势,且具有明显阶段性特征。山东省小学师生比空间过程呈现由“极核式”向“条带式”演变特征,高值区具有明显中心外围的圈层结构特征,鲁西南、鲁西北及鲁东南形成了低水平塌陷区;中学师生比空间上呈现不均衡向均衡迈进的趋势,高值区由多核心演变为单核心结构,低值区连片分布于鲁西南、鲁中、鲁东南及鲁北地区,且呈现半环带状圈层结构特征。山东省中小学师生比存在显著的空间俱乐部趋同特征,高值先导区以山东半岛为主,低值陷阱区分布于鲁西南和鲁北部分地区。教育政策与制度、人口结构变动、区域发展不均衡、空间近邻效应是基础教育师资配置差异的重要原因。

Spatio-temporal Pattern and Influencing Factors of Teachers Allocation of Basic Education in Shandong Province

Based on the teacher-student ratio,this article analyzed the spatio-temporal pattern and influencing factors of teacher resources allocation of basic education in Shandong Province from 2000 to 2019 by using standard deviation,coefficient of variation and ESDA.From 2000 to 2019,the teacher-student ratio of primary school shows a gentle fluctuation trend,and the teacher-student ratio of middle school shows an overall upward trend and obvious stage characteristics.For primary schools,the spatial process of teacher-student ratio shows the evolution characteristics from“polar nucleus type”to“stripe type”.The distribution characteristics of high level of the teacher-student ratio demonstrates an obvious circle structure with a center and a periphery,and the low level of the teacher-student ratio is composed of southwest,northwest and southeast of Shandong Province.For middle school,the teacher-student ratio shows a tendency to move from imbalance to equilibrium spatially.The distribution structure of the high level of the teacher-student ratio transforms from multi-core to single-core,and the distribution of low level of the teacher-student ratio presents a semi-ring zonal structure,composed of southwest,middle,southeast and north of Shandong Province.The teacher-student ratio of primary and middle schools has significant spatial club convergence characteristics.For the teacher-student ratio of primary school,the high-high type is mainly located in central Shandong and Shandong peninsula,while the low-low type is mainly located in southwest and southeast Shandong.For the teacher-student ratio of middle school,the high-high type is mainly located in Shandong peninsula,while the low-low type is mainly located in north and southwest Shandong.Educational policy system,demographic structure change,regional development imbalance,and spatial neighboring effects are important reasons for the differences of teacher resources allocation in basic education.