传统村落的集体记忆研究——对纪录片《记住乡愁》进行内容分析为例

传统村落的集体记忆承载着村庄的文化传统与人们的乡愁情感。但随着城镇化及其带来的大规模人口迁徙,使得这些记忆正面临巨大冲击。就此展开研究,对于乡村规划和发展、乡村记忆保存和传承等意义重大。归纳出集体记忆的社会选择性、动态重构性、媒介依赖性等属性后,构建传统村落集体记忆三要素的研究框架,即主体（记忆者）、客体（记忆对象）、时间,借助大型纪录片《记住乡愁》,选取60个典型的中国传统村落,采用内容分析等方法,探讨主体诉求及其相应的情感特征、客体如何承载传统价值以及时间演变中村落发展阶段划分等问题。并初步分析了随着生产生活方式的变迁,这三者是如何发生变化的,最后结合乡村规划和乡村旅游提出建议。

Collective memory of Chinese traditional villages: A case study of content analysis on the documentary Homesickness in Mind

The collective memory of traditional villages carries the villages' traditional culture and people's nostalgia. Against the backdrop of rapid urbanization and mass migration, the rural culture and collective memory are facing the crisis of fading away. Studying the collective memory of traditional villages is of great significance in the aspects of rural planning, tourism development, rural memory project and so on. Taking the documentary Homesickness in Mind as study material, this paper selects the most representative 60 traditional villages, and adopts the literature analysis, content analysis and other research methods to build the three elements of collective memory in traditional villages, namely "subject, object and time" and makes a further discussion on these three elements. The main results are demonstrated as follows: (1) The subject elements are given priority to the middle aged and elderly ones, who has special appeal and emotional characteristics; (2) The object elements to be remembered include the substantial spatial information and figure-event clues, which conforms to the values highly praised by traditional villages; (3) The time element includes the peopl's perception indicator to time, which takes the events of natural cycle and natural environment as references, and also covers the time axis of collective memory, through the characteristic of which we could find that the collective memory of traditional villages mostly prevails in the initial-development, heyday and contemporary phases; (4) With the transition of productivity and people's lifestyle, the three elements of the traditional village collective memory are also in constant evolution. Finally, the application recommendations are proposed with the combination of rural planning practices and rural tourism.