基于地理探测器的北京市居民宜居满意度影响机理

城市宜居性是与居民生活质量密切相关的科学议题,深入探讨宜居满意度影响机理对把握转型期北京市居民居住环境需求、促进宜居城市建设等具有重要的现实意义。以北京市为案例,基于2013年宜居城市大规模问卷调查数据,运用因子分析方法提取了北京市居民宜居满意度主要感知因素,并分别从居民宜居感知因素、个体与家庭属性因素两个视角,借助地理探测器方法揭示了北京市居民宜居满意度特征与影响机理。研究发现：①北京市居民宜居满意度主要由污染噪声因子、生活设施因子、人文环境因子、出行便捷因子、自然环境因子、安全环境因子和休闲活动因子等7个维度构成。②宜居满意度受到宜居感知因素和个体与家庭属性共同影响,但宜居感知因素的解释力明显要强,其中污染噪声因子、自然环境因子和出行便捷因子等因素是关键因子。③宜居满意度与宜居感知因素具有相对一致性,且存在个体与家庭属性差异。通常宜居感知因素得分低居民,其宜居满意度也相对较低;另外,远郊区、租赁房、有迁居经历、男性、30~39岁、高中学历、家庭月收入5000元以下和外地户口等社会群体的宜居满意度明显要低。

Analysis of influencing mechanism of residents' livability satisfaction in Beijing using geographical detector

Urban livability is an essential science issue, which is closely related to residents' life qualities. Consequently, studies on the influencing mechanism of residents' livability satisfaction in an urban transitional period are of great practical significance in Beijing, which facilitate the understanding of residents' residential environment demand and promote construction of a livable city. Based on a large-scale questionnaire survey of livable city of Beijing in 2013, factor analysis was applied to extract perception factors of residents' livability satisfaction. Then we used the geographical detector method to reveal the influence mechanism of livability satisfaction from the perspective of livable satisfaction's perception factors and individual and family characteristics. The results show that: (1) Residents' livability satisfaction in Beijing is mainly consisted of seven dimensions, including pollution and noise factor, residential facilities factor, social environment factor, convenient transportation factor, natural environment factor, safety factor and leisure activity factor. (2) Livability satisfaction is jointly affected by perception factors of livability satisfaction and individual and family characteristics, but the former has stronger impact than the latter. Pollution and noise, natural environment, and convenient transportation are key factors among the livability perception factors. (3) With disparities between individuals and families, livability satisfaction is relatively consistent with its perception factors. This means that lower livability satisfaction usually occurs along with lower scores of livability perception. Moreover, residents of outer suburbs, rental housing, having migration experience, male, 30~39 years old of age, with high school degree, family income below 5000, and nonlocal population registration have much lower livable satisfaction.