西藏雅鲁藏布江中游河谷地区1830年耕地格局重建

通过收集、整理《铁虎清册》中记录的雅鲁藏布江中游河谷地区1830年的耕地税收数据,将其换算为现代耕地面积,在此基础上运用网格化模型重建出该区1 km×1 km空间分辨率的耕地格局。结果显示：① 从耕地数量分析,1830年研究区耕地面积约895 km²,其中政府占有耕地39%,贵族占有耕地31%,寺庙占有耕地29%。② 从耕地分布格局分析,研究区内耕地分布较少,只有27.4%的网格具有耕地分布,且呈分散分布状态,耕地主要分布在雅鲁藏布江干流及主要支流宽阔的河谷地区。③ 从垦殖程度分析,全区垦殖程度较低,其平均垦殖率仅有0.6%,其中垦殖率最高的地区是拉萨,平均垦殖率为6.3%;日喀则、江孜、乃东、琼结等地垦殖率均达到3%左右;工布地区和西部县区垦殖率均在1%以下,耕地垦殖率区域差异明显。

Reconstruction of cropland spatial pattern in 1830 in the middle reaches of Yarlung Zangbo River Valley

In this study, we collected and revised the cultivated land tax data from the Tie Hu List, which recorded the cultivated land tax of the Midstream Yarlung Zangbo River Valley of Tibet in 1830, the data were transformed to modern cropland land area. Then the gridding method was used to reconstruct the cropland spatial pattern with a resolution of 1 km by 1 km in the study area in 1830. The results show that: as a whole, the cropland area of this region in 1830 was 895 km², among which, 39% was cultivated by the Government, 31% was cultivated by the Nobles, and 29% by Temples. In terms of the distribution pattern, the cultivated land was found in only 27.4% of the grids, and it was distributed dispersedly in the main stream basins of Yarlung Zangbo River Valley and its tributary basins. As for the intensity of land use, the lower level reclamation index reflects the situation of local lower level agricultural production. The average reclamation index of the whole study area was only 0.6%. However, the spatial difference of the reclamation index was obvious. The average reclamation index of Lhasa was 6.3%, which was the greatest in the study area. The average reclamation index of Shigatse, Gyangze, Nedong and Qonggyai is about 3%, while Gongbu and the western counties has the lowest reclamation index, which was less than 1%.