传统村落景观基因在地方认同建构中的作用效应——以侗族村寨为例

将侗族传统村落景观基因识别为鼓楼、萨坛、围鼓楼布局、杉山溪田等的基础上,建构结构方程模型,通过对通道芋头、黎平肇兴、三江高定3个侗寨的272份调查数据分析发现：① 侗寨景观的4个基因均对地方认同建构产生积极作用,且呈现“萨坛>围鼓楼布局>杉山溪田>鼓楼”强弱顺序;② 景观基因在地方认同建构中的作用效应是意向认同>情感认同>认知认同;③ 在地方认同测量模型中,居住时间、出生地、职业、收入、村落发展、教育程度、居民类型、鼓楼、萨坛、围鼓楼布局、杉山溪田等因素对地方认同的影响明显;④ 在个人特征、社会经济、景观基因3个测量模型中,居住时间对个人特征影响最明显,村落发展对社会经济影响最强,萨坛对景观基因感知贡献最大;⑤ 个人特征、社会经济因素共变后通过景观基因感知对地方认同产生间接效应。

The Effect of Traditional Village Landscape Genes in Construction Place Identity: Taking the Dong Minority Village as An Example

The interpretation of inheritance and development of traditional village culture is inseparable from the interpretation of village landscape. It is important to explore the role of the Dong Mininortiy Village Landscape gene in construction of place identity to the national cultural heritage protection. Based on recognition of Dong Mininortiy traditional village landscape gene as Drum Tower, Sa Altar, surrounded Drum tower layout, and China fir paddy field, this article studies the effect of landscape gene in construction place identity relyling on construction structural equation model with 272 questionnaires in Tongdao Taro, Zhaoxing in Liping, Gaoding in Sanjiang. 1) Village landscape gene has an active effect on construction place identity, and the order is Sa altar > surrounded Drum tower layout > China fir paddy > Drum Tower; 2) Effect of landscape gene in construction place identity is the intention identity > emotional identity > recognition identity; 3) In the measurement model of place identity, the following factors have obvious influence on place identity, as residence time, birthplace, occupation, income, level of education, the development of villages, residents type, Drum Tower, Sa Altar, surrounded Drum tower layout, China fir paddy, ect.; 4) In the three measurement models of the personal characteristics, social economy and landscape gene, individual living time has the most influence on personal characteristics, village development has the strongest influence on the social economy, and Sa Altar has the greatest contribution to landscape gene perception; 5) Personal characteristics and social economy have indirect effects on the place identity through the landscape gene sense.