高海况海洋遥感信息提取技术研究进展

中等海况下,星载合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)已经广泛应用于海洋动力环境要素的监测(风场、波浪、流场)。近年来,SAR高海况遥感,尤其是探测台风海面风场、巨浪、流场已经成为国内外研究热点,并突破了一些关键技术。利用SAR多极化成像模式对海观测和新发展的地球物理模式函数,可以提取高海况下的海面风速、风向、有效波高、流速和流向等海洋表面关键物理参数。这些环境要素可以用于海洋灾害监测预警;为海洋和大气数值模式提供准确的初始场和同化源,改进模式预报精度;为研究全球气候变化提供有力的观测依据。

Research Progress of the Ocean Remote Sensing Information Extraction Technology under High Sea States

The satellite-borne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has been widely used in monitoring marine dynamic environment parameters under moderate sea states, including wind fields, waves and flow fields. In recent years, SAR detection of typhoon wind fields, huge ocean surface waves and vector currents under high sea states has become a hot research point in China and overseas, and scientists have achieved a breakthrough in some key technologies. Crucial physical parameters, like ocean surface wind speed, wind direction, significant wave height, current velocity and flow direction, can be extracted under high sea states by utilizing SAR multi-polarization ocean observation and newly developed geophysical model functions. These parameters can be used in monitoring and warning marine disasters, and can provide accurate initial conditions and assimilation sources for oceanic and atmospheric numerical models to improve the model prediction accuracy, thus supplying adequate data support for global climate change research.