呼伦贝尔地区土地荒漠化动态变化

呼伦贝尔地区是中国重要的天然草原和畜牧基地, 随着该地区经济和社会的发展及人类对资源的不合理利用, 土地荒漠化现象加重。笔者应用RS和GIS技术, 以1970 年MSS、2000 年ETM和 2007年CBERS数据为数据源, 主要采用人工目视解译方法, 并辅助野外调查验证, 获得三期解译数据, 并利用空间分析、网格剖分方法, 对呼伦贝尔地区荒漠化的时空变化情况进行研究。结果表明: 近40年来, 该地区土地荒漠化总面积不断增加, 1970 年该地区土地荒漠化面积为7408.76 km2 , 2000年为7 539.52 km2 , 2007年增加到7 852.12 km2 , 共增加面积443.36 km2。1970-2000年间, 沙漠化减轻、盐碱化加重的面积为134.09 km2 , 沙漠化加重、盐碱化减轻的面积为53.35 km2 ; 2000- 2007年间, 沙漠化减轻、盐碱化加重的面积为41.71 km2 , 沙漠化加重、盐碱化减轻的面积为172.8 km2。

Dynamic change of desertification in Hulunbeier

Hulunbeier area is the major natural grassland and livestock base in China. The phenomenon of desertification in Hulunbeier increased along with the development of economy and society, and the irrational utilization of resources. Using artificial visual interpretation method combining with field survey to obtain 3 periods of interpreting data base on RS and GIS technologies, and applying MSS image data in 1970, ETM image data in 2000 and CBERS image data in 2007 as the data source, the authors analyse the spatial and temporal changes of desertification in Hulunbeier area. The results show that over the past 40 years the total area of desertification increased in this region, including in 1970, the area of desertification land was 7 408.76 km2 , which to became 7 539.52 km2 in 2000, and 7 852.12 km2 in 2007, with total increasing 443.36 km2 in area. During 1970 to 2000, the desertification decreased but salinization increased area was 134.09 km2 , and the desertification increased but salinization decreased area was 53.35 km2 ; while from 2000 to 2007, the desertification decreased and salinization increased 41.71 km2 in area, and the desertification increased and salinization decreased 172.8 km2.