老黑山盆地下白垩统穆棱组油页岩与煤含油率控制因素

我国陆相盆地内普遍存在油页岩与煤共生的地质现象。本文以老黑山盆地下白垩统穆棱组油页岩与煤为研究对象，基于工业分析（含油率、灰分、挥发分、全硫和发热量）和有机地球化学分析（有机碳、岩石热解、显微组分和生物标志化合物），对油页岩与煤含油率的控制因素开展研究。根据含油率等工业品质特征，将研究区油页岩与煤进一步划分为高含油率油页岩（HOS）、低含油率油页岩（LOS）、高含油率煤（HC）和低含油率煤（LC）4种亚类。其中HC的总有机碳质量分数和生烃潜力最高，其次为LC、HOS和LOS，4种亚类的有机质类型以Ⅱ型干酪根为主，均处于未成熟的热演化阶段。沉积环境与有机质来源是控制油页岩与煤含油率的关键因素，HOS主要形成于陆源有机质供给中等的湖沼环境，而HC主要形成于陆源有机质供给丰富的泥炭沼泽环境。油页岩与煤形成时期的高等植物以松科、柏科/杉科、南洋杉科、罗汉松科和蕨类植物为主，这些植物可以提供充足的树脂和蜡质有机质，从而使油页岩与煤具有相对较高的含油率。

Controlling Factors of Oil Shale and Coal Oil Yield in Lower Cretaceous Muling Formation in Laoheishan Basin

The paragenetic oil shale and coal are widely developed in continental basins of China. The authors took the oil shale and coal of the lower Cretaceous Muling Formation in Laoheishan basin as a study object, and studied the controlling factors of oil yield of oil shale and coal, combined with both industrial parameters (oil yield, ash content, volatile matter, total sulfur, and gross calorific value) and organic geochemical analyses (total organic carbon, Rock-Eval, maceral, and biomarker analyses). The oil shale and coal are classified into four types, including high oil yield oil shale (HOS), low oil yield oil shale (LOS), high oil yield coal (HC), and low oil yield coal (LC). The highest TOC and S₁+S₂ values are observed in HC, followed by LC, HOS, and LOS, all types are of type Ⅱ kerogen and in immature stage. The source of organic matter and depositional environment are the key controlling factors of oil yield in oil shale and coal. HC was deposited in mire with abundant input of terrestrial organic matter; in contrast, HOS was formed in limnology environment with moderate input of terrestrial organic matter. The floral assemblage is characterized by the presence of Pinaceae, Cupressaceae/Taxodiaceae, Araucariaceae, Podocarpaceae and ferns during the formation of oil shale and coal. These plants could provide abundant resinous and waxy organic matter, which lead to relatively high oil yield of oil shale and coal.