地下水污染及水文地质地球化学

由于公众、政府、工业界对水资源质量及其脆弱性的觉醒,在过去的20年里地下水污染问题已得到高度的重视。同时,水文地质这一专门地质学科迅速发展,现在已成为一门与许多基础分支学科、工程科学,甚至社会科学有关的高度交叉性学科。水地球化学家的参与及数学模型、计算机模拟的广泛应用是现代水文地质学发展的两个明显趋势。对地下水污染物质成分、分布和化学行为的认识迫切需要水文地球化学分析,而数学模型、计算机模拟能最大限度地帮助定量研究流体及污染物在多孔介质和碎裂岩石中的迁移、分散过程。这些研究将减少预测亚地表中污染物质活动规律的不定性。地下水污染问题的最后有效解决,除了加强多学科性科学研究外,还必须有公众及政府的参与。

GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION AND HYDROGEOLOGICAL GEOCHEMISTRY

Groundwater contamination has attracted considerable attention in the past two decades, due to public, governmental, and industrial awareness of the quality and fragility of water resources. At the same time the traditional geoscience of hydrofeology has dramatically changed. It has developed into a highly interdisciplinary science, with relationships with a number of basic natural sciences, engineering sciences and even social disciplines. Combination with aqueous geochemistry, and wide application of mathematical models and computer simulation are two visible trends in the development of hydrogeology. Hydrogeochemical analyses are vigorously needed in order to understand the distribution and behavior of contaminants in groundwater. The application of mathematical models and computer simulation is helping the study of the flow, transport, and chemical reaction processes of groundwater systems. Such studies will reduce the uncertainty of predicting the activity of sub-surface contaminants. The complete solution of the problem of groundwater contamination requires strong input from the public and government, in addition to interdisciplinary scientific research.