深海潜标布阵方式对海面声源定位精度的影响

针对深远海条件下海面声源目标定位精度与海底潜标布阵方式相关性问题，建立了基于到达时间差(TDOA)体制的被动定位模型，根据设计工况讨论了海底潜标布阵原则，利用蒙特卡洛数值模拟方法分析了声源位于阵内、阵外以及阵元失效3种情况下定位精度分布情况。仿真结果表明：当4个潜标呈矩形分布时，仅东、西两侧较小区域未覆盖，覆盖范围内平均定位精度约为34.1 m。随着阵元数增加，在中心区域附近定位精度显著提高，阵型外侧定位精度由内向外逐渐下降。当目标位于对角线方向靠近顶角附近时，模型交汇解算性能较差，定位精度大于500 m。当1#潜标失效时，测量海域西北角方向定位精度较差，但精度优于25 m的区域要比5#潜标失效情况大。7#潜标失效时，定位精度与各阵元均正常的情况接近。研究结果为海面声源测量系统设计、阵型选择、精度评估等海洋工程应用提供理论依据。

The influence of deep-sea subsurface buoy layout on the location accuracy of sea surface acoustic source

In order to study the relationship between the location accuracy of acoustic sources and the arrangement of deep-sea subsurface buoys, a passive location model based on TDOA is established. The layout principle of the subsurface buoy is discussed according to the design conditions, and then, the location accuracy is analyzed when the sound source is located inside the array, outside the array and the array element fails using Monte Carlo numerical simulation method. The simulation results show that when the four subsurface buoys are distributed in a rectangle, only the small areas on the east and west sides are not covered and the average location accuracy is about 32.6 m. As array elements increase, the location accuracy near the central region is improved significantly. At the same time, the location accuracy decreases gradually from the inside to the outside area. When the target is located in the diagonal direction near the top angle, the model intersection performance is poor, and the location accuracy is greater than 500 m. When the subsurface buoy 1# fails, the location accuracy in the northwest corner of the measured sea area is poor, but the area with accuracy greater than 25 m is greater than that of subsurface buoy 5#. When the subsurface buoy 7# fails, the location accuracy is close to that of normal array elements. The research results provide a theoretical basis for engineering applications such as the design, formation selection and precision evaluation of sea surface acoustic source measurement.