国家高新区研发人员集聚的空间特征与影响因子探究

吸引研发人员是推动国家高新区创新发展的关键举措之一。本文采用区位熵和地理探测器等方法，刻画国家高新区研发人员集聚的空间特征，探究其影响因子及作用机理。研究发现（：1）国家高新区研发人员数量呈现出以城市群为核心的空间分布格局，而研发人员集聚程度的空间分布较均衡。（2）整体上，高新区因子的解释力比城市因子更强，这说明以往只关注城市因子的研究存在不足。但在不同地区，两个层面因子解释力有所差异。东、中部地区，国家高新区研发人员集聚由城市因子和高新区因子共同作用，而高新区因子在西部地区影响更为显著。（3）高新区经济规模和高新区容纳人才能力是所有国家高新区研发人员集聚的核心因子。此外，城市住房成本、城市科研重视度和高新区外贸水平分别是主导东、中、西部国家高新区研发人员集聚的核心因子。（4）不同因子之间交互作用均呈现出增强关系，且具有区域差异性，具体表现为：高新区先进程度、高新区经济规模、城市交通便捷度分别是东、中、西部地区与其他因子的交互强化作用较为显著的因子。

The spatial pattern of R&D personnel concentration in China National High-tech Industrial Development Zone and its influencing factors

Attracting R&D personnel is a crucial measure to upgrade National High-Tech Industrial Development Zones (NHDZs). This paper uses location entropy to analyze the spatial patterns of the concentration of R&D personnel in NHDZs, and then applies Geodetector to detect its influencing factors. The results show that: (1) Those NHDZs with plenty of R&D personnel are mainly distributed in urban agglomerations. The distribution of R&D personnel concentration in national high-tech zone is relatively balanced. (2) The explanatory power of high-tech zone factor is overall stronger than that of city. But in different regions, the explanatory power gap of the two kinds of factors is different. In eastern and central regions, the concentration of R&D personnel of NHDZs is affected by both two kinds of factors, while in western regions, high-tech zone factors is more significant. (3) The economic scale of high-tech zones and the R&D personnel capacity of high-tech zones are the core factors for the concentration of R&D personnel in high-tech zones in all regions. In addition, the cost of urban housing, the attention of research in city and high-tech zone foreign trade level are the core factors that dominate the concentration of R&D personnel in high-tech zones in eastern, central and western countries respectively. (4) The interaction between two factors presents the relationship of nonlinear enhancement and two-factor enhancement. In addition, there are regional differences in enhancement relationship. The advanced level of high-tech zones, the economic scale of high-tech zones, and urban transportation are the more significant factors that interact with other factors in the eastern, central, and western regions respectively. In the end, this article provides some policy suggestions for the human capital construction of the NHDZs.