21世纪以来美国对东盟国家援助的空间结构演变及其地缘战略解析

对外援助的战略性运用是美国援助政策的突出特点，研究美国对外援助的演变过程对于把握其地缘战略走向具有重要意义。本文利用美国国际开发署（USAID）的对外援助数据，借助GIS等技术方法，刻画了21世纪以来美国对东盟国家援助的空间结构演变特征，并探讨了其地缘战略内涵。结果表明：(1) 2001—2019年间，美国对东盟国家的整体援助规模呈现出阶段性增长态势，基本与东盟国家在美国地缘战略中的定位呈正相关关系。(2)从援助额度的空间分布来看，美国对东盟国家的援助呈现出多极化特征，其条约盟友、南海争端国和对华友好国家为重点受援国。但不同受援国的资金类型有所差异，条约盟友和南海争端国同时受到经济援助资金和军事援助资金的重点援助，而对华友好国家则主要为经济援助资金。(3)从援助项目的类型结构来看，美国对东盟国家的援助呈现出显著的结构异质性特征，军事安全类项目侧重于条约盟友和南海争端国，经济科技类项目逐步向南海争端国和对华友好国家扩散，人道主义类项目依现实情境具体考虑，意识形态类项目则逐渐向对华友好国家集中。(4)美国对东盟国家采取差异化的援助策略，其主要地缘战略目的是：巩固与条约盟友国家的关系，升级合...

Evolution of the spatial structure and its geostrategy connotations of the US aid to ASEAN countries since the 21st century

The strategic application of foreign aid is a prominent feature of the US aid policy, and it is important to study the evolution of the US foreign aid to grasp its geostrategic direction. In the Western Pacific region, ASEAN countries have significant military and economic strategic value due to their unique geographical location. As a result, they have long been the focus of the US aid. Based on this, using the foreign aid data of the US Agency for International Development (USAID), and with the help of GIS and other technical methods, this paper portrays the evolving characteristics of the spatial structure of the US aid to ASEAN countries since the beginning of the 21st century and explores its geostrategic connotations. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) From 2001 to 2019, the overall aid scale of the US aid to ASEAN countries showed a phased growth trend, which was basically positively related to the positioning of ASEAN countries in the US geostrategy. (2) In terms of the spatial distribution of aid scales, the US aid to ASEAN countries shows multipolar characteristics, with its treaty allies, South China Sea dispute countries and China-friendly countries as key recipients. However, the types of aid funding vary across recipient countries, with treaty allies and South China Sea dispute countries receiving both economic aid funding and military aid funding as priorities, while China-friendly countries are mainly economic aid funding. (3) In terms of the type structure of aid programs, the US aid to ASEAN countries shows significant structural heterogeneity, with military security programs focusing on treaty allies and South China Sea dispute countries, economic and scientific programs gradually spreading to South China Sea dispute countries and China-friendly countries, humanitarian programs depending on the specific considerations of the real situation, and ideological programs gradually concentrating on China-friendly countries. (4) The US has adopted a differentiated aid strategy toward ASEAN countries, and its main geostrategic objectives include: consolidating relations with treaty-allied countries and escalating cooperation to firmly secure geostrategic implementation; drawing in relations with South China Sea dispute countries to strengthen their geostrategic pivot role; and upgrading relations with China-friendly countries and enhancing contacts to spread US democratic values. The results of the study will help further understand and grasp US geostrategic decisions, and contribute to China's peaceful development path.