论保水采煤技术体系

保水采煤研究是我国西北部生态脆弱矿区水资源保护与煤炭高质量开发的理论基础和依据。针对西北部生态脆弱矿区高强度开采对含水层及生态系统的影响和损害问题,阐述了保水采煤的发展历程和科学内涵,保水采煤研究经历了萌芽期、形成期、发展期和成熟期4个阶段,目前已经形成较为完善的技术体系,主要表现在保水采煤理念被广泛接受,保水采煤技术广泛推广应用,保水采煤的效果监测体系已经建成,保水采煤的标准规范体系初步形成。研究认为保水采煤的核心目标是保护具有供水或生态意义的目标含水层结构基本稳定。通过研究分析采煤对含水层扰动评价技术、保水采煤地质条件分区技术和导水裂隙带发育高度预测技术等8项综合保水采煤技术的技术原理、适用条件及工程应用效果,构建了保水采煤的技术体系研究基本框架,为我国西部大型煤炭基地绿色开采、科学开采提供理论与技术支撑。

Technological system of water-conserving coal mining

The research on water-conserving coal mining is the theoretical basis of water resource protection and high-quality development of coal in the ecologically vulnerable mining areas in northwest of our country. In view of the impact and damage on aquifer and ecosystem in ecologically vulnerable mining areas due to intensive mining activities in northwest China, the development process and scientific connotation of water-conserving coal mining was expounded herein. Specifically, the research on water-conserving coal mining has gone through four stages: initiation, formation, development and maturation, and a relatively perfect technological system has been formed at present, which is mainly reflected in that the concept of water-conserving coal mining is widely accepted and the technology of water-conserving coal mining is widely accepted and applied. In addition, the effect monitoring system of water-conserving coal mining has been built, and the standard and regulation system has also been established for the water-conserving coal mining. It is considered in the research that the core goal of water-conserving coal mining is to protect the basic stability of target aquifer structure with water supply or ecological significance. Thus, the fundamental research framework of the technological system of water-conserving coal mining was established by studying and analyzing the technical principles, applicable conditions and engineering application effects of eight representative projects of water-conserving coal mining technologies, including the evaluation technology of aquifer disturbance by coal mining, the zoning technology for geological conditions of water-conserving coal mining and the prediction technology for the development of water-conducted fracture zone, etc. The research provides theoretical and technical support for green and scientific mining in the large coal base in western China.