近20年屯堡聚落聚集区乡村聚落规模演变——以安顺市西秀区为例

以西秀区2000、2010和2020年乡村聚落斑块为基础数据，运用乡村位序-规模法则、聚落规模等级模型等方法，分析西秀区乡村聚落等级规模分布特征及演变规律，并分析屯堡聚落在该过程的发展变化。结果显示：1）乡村聚落总规模、聚落数量总体上呈增长趋势，3个时段屯堡聚落面积占乡村聚落总面积的比例超过20%;2）西秀区乡村聚落规模分布符合乡村位序-规模法则，拟合优度在0.90以上，负指数分布特征突出，并表现出“首位聚落”和“垂尾”分布特征，2000—2010年乡村聚落规模趋于集中分布，2010—2020年趋于均衡；3）不同等级乡村聚落空间分布位置相对稳定，数量上呈低等级向高等级演变；4）屯堡聚落规模稳定增长，是高位序、高规模等级聚落的重要组成部分，但少部分屯堡聚落位序出现倒退现象。未来应科学规划乡村聚落用地布局，形成合理的乡村聚落等级规模结构，保护屯堡文化，打造区域特色聚落。

Evolution of Rural Settlement Scale in Tunpu Settlement Gathering Area in the Last 20 Years: A Case Study of Xixiu District of Anshun City

In the context of social transformation and urbanization, rural settlements have undergone drastic changes, and some rural settlements, including characteristic settlements, have been declining or even dying out. Research on scale and grade evolution is essential for the optimization of rural settlement spatial patterns and the protection of characteristic settlements. Based on the data of rural settlement patches in Xixiu District in 2000, 2010, and 2020, this study investigates the distribution characteristics and evolution of rural settlement scale in Xixiu District, and analyzes the development and changes occurring in Tunpu settlement during this process by using the rural rank-size rule and settlement scale hierarchy model. The main conclusions are as follows: (1)Overall, the total scale and number of rural settlements show an increasing trend, and the scale of Tunpu settlements continues to increase. The area of Tunpu settlement accounted for more than 20% of the total area of rural settlements in the three periods. (2)The scale distribution of rural settlements in Xixiu District was in accordance with the law of rural rank size. The theoretical values of most rural settlements differ minimally from the actual values, the fitting degree is gradually improved, and the negative exponential distribution characteristics gradually become prominent, showing the distribution characteristics of "first settlement" and "vertical tail." The scale of rural settlements tended to be concentrated in 2000-2010 and balanced in 2010-2020. (3) The spatial distribution of rural settlements in the different grades was relatively stable. The first- and second-grade settlements were mainly distributed in areas with small relief and developed economies, the third-grade settlements were evenly distributed in the area, and the fourth- and fifth-grade settlements were distributed in areas with large relief. The number has evolved from low to high, and at the same time, small-scale and scattered settlements quickly fill the 5-level settlements. Simultaneously, small-scale and scattered settlements quickly fill the 5-level settlements. (4) The Tunpu settlement is an important high-rank and high-scale settlement in Xixiu District. The scale growth of the Tunpu settlement with high rank shows stability, while the scale growth of the Tunpu settlement with low rank shows instability, and the development of rank shows retrogression. There are differences in the scale and grade of development of Tunpu settlements at different military levels. The higher the military level, the better the regional conditions and the higher the scale and grade development of settlements. In the future, Xixiu District should focus on rectifying small-scale and scattered settlement patches, optimizing the layout of settlement land, Playing the role of "leading" settlements, and forming a scientific and reasonable rural settlement scale structure. The development of the Tunpu settlement in the Xixiu District is facing a series of problems. This study discusses the changes in the scale of rural settlements in the study area, which provides a realistic foundation for the classification and protection of Tunpu settlements and the creation of regional characteristic settlements. Additionally, it provides new perspectives for research on the scale of rural settlements and the protection of characteristic settlements.