中国科技型初创企业的时空格局及影响因素研究——基于创业生态系统视角

创新驱动战略的深入推进促使创业型经济繁荣发展,科技型初创企业日益成为促进中国科技进步和经济高质量发展的决定性力量。本文基于2015—2020年中国科技型初创企业数据,运用泰尔指数、核密度估计等方法解析了科技型初创企业的时空格局,并利用OLS模型与SARAR模型定量识别了科技型初创企业分布的影响因素。研究发现:(1)从时间序列来看,2015—2020年中国科技型初创企业的数量快速增长,但是在城市体系的分布呈现持续的层级结构特征;(2)从空间格局看,中国科技型初创企业呈现出以长江三角洲、珠江三角洲为主要核心,京津冀为次要核心的多核心分布模式,创业热点从三大核心扩张到更多地区,东中西三大地带的不平衡性日益增强;(3)风险投资、知识厚度、人力资本、市场规模、孵化环境和政策环境对城市科技型初创企业的发展具有积极影响,创业生态系统的影响也表现出空间依赖性和空间异质性特征,而且不同影响因素的作用强度和相对重要性在不同发展阶段存在差异。未来应重视高质量科技创业生态系统建设,因地制宜地选择适合本地科技型初创企业发展的驱动路径。

The Spatial-Temporal Patterns and Influencing Factors of China's Tech Start-ups: A Study based on the Entrepreneurial Ecosystem

The deepening of the innovation-driven strategy has promoted the prosperity of the entrepreneurial economy, and the high-tech start-ups have increasingly become the decisive force to promote China's tech progress and high-quality economic development. With the assistance of the data of China's tech start-ups from 2015 to 2020, this paper combines the methods of Thiel index and kernel density estimation to explore the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics. At the same time, an analytical framework is constructed for the development of tech start-ups based on the entrepreneurial ecosystem theory. The OLS model and SARAR model are established to quantitatively identify the influential factors of the distribution of tech start-ups. Three conclusions are drawn: (1) From the perspective of time series, the number of tech start-ups in China is growing rapidly from 2015 to 2020. The tertiary industry enterprises occupy a dominant position in its industry composition, and the proportion of the number is gradually increasing. However, the distribution in the urban system presents a continuous hierarchical structure. Most cities have little change in the hierarchical system, and some cities have jumped up the hierarchy in the wave of mass entrepreneurship and innovation; (2) From the perspective of spatial pattern, China's tech start-ups present a multi-core distribution pattern, with the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta as the main core, and The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region as the secondary core. Entrepreneurship hot spots have expanded from the three core regions to more regions, with Chengdu, Wuhan, Zhengzhou, Xi'an, and other cities becoming secondary cluster centers. But the imbalance between the three regions of East, Central, and West is increasing, the intra-regional differences are greater than the inter-regional differences; (3) Venture capital, knowledge thickness, human capital, market size, incubation environment, and policy environment have positive effects on the development of tech start-ups. Entrepreneurial ecosystem also shows the influence of spatial dependence and spatial heterogeneity. Moreover, the effect intensity and relative importance of different influencing factors are different in different development stages. The research results are helpful to promote the discussion on location choice of regional emerging industries and the development of entrepreneurial ecosystem theory. In the future, the government should attach importance to the construction of high-quality tech entrepreneurship ecosystem, and the driving path suitable for the development of local tech start-ups should be selected according to local conditions. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen resource interconnection and strategic cooperation with geographical proximity areas.