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大洋表层沉积物中甲烷代谢古菌群落的组成及分布特征
引用本文:刘皓,许秋彤,王春生,等. 大洋表层沉积物中甲烷代谢古菌群落的组成及分布特征[J]. 海洋学报,2023,45(1):80–88 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023010
作者姓名:刘皓  许秋彤  王春生  荆红梅
作者单位:中国科学院深海科学与工程研究所中国科学院深海极端环境模拟重点实验室,海南三亚 572000;中国科学院三亚海洋科学综合(联合)实验室,海南三亚 572000;中国科学院深海科学与工程研究所中国科学院深海极端环境模拟重点实验室,海南三亚 572000;海南省热带海洋生物技术重点实验室,海南三亚 572000;中国科学院南海海洋研究所,广东广州 510301;自然资源部第二海洋研究所,浙江杭州 310012;南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海),广东珠海 519082;中国科学院深海科学与工程研究所中国科学院深海极端环境模拟重点实验室,海南三亚 572000;中国科学院三亚海洋科学综合(联合)实验室,海南三亚 572000;南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海),广东珠海 519082
基金项目:海南省重大科技计划(ZDKJ2019011);海南省自然科学基金高层次人才项目(420RC677);国家重点研发计划(2018YFC0309805);国家自然科学基金面上项目(41776147)。
摘    要:
海洋沉积物中的甲烷代谢微生物是甲烷循环的关键参与者,其代谢过程对大气甲烷浓度及全球气候变化具有显著影响,研究其在全球大洋沉积物中的组成及分布特征是探究微生物介导甲烷循环的基础。采用焦磷酸454高通量测序测定甲烷代谢保守功能基因mcrA(Methyl coenzyme–M reductase A)分析全球大洋沉积物中甲烷代谢微生物群落的组成和多样性;结合荧光实时定量PCR技术检测了古菌和甲烷代谢古菌的丰度分布特征。与其他海洋生境对比,大洋沉积物中甲烷代谢古菌群落结构单一,大西洋和印度洋的α多样性指数显著高于太平洋(p<0.05)。在大洋沉积物样品中鉴定到3个目的甲烷代谢古菌,即甲烷杆菌目(Methanobacteriales)、甲烷八叠球菌目(Methanosarcinales)和甲烷微菌目(Methanomicrobiales),其中甲烷微菌目占绝对优势,并主要由一簇未知类群(暂名Oceanic Sediments Dominant group,OSD group)组成。大洋沉积物的古菌16S rRNA基因丰度(湿重,下同)平均为8.81×106 copies/g,大西洋的低于印度洋和太平洋;马里亚纳海沟基因丰度低于南海北部,且随着采样深度增加而呈降低趋势。大洋沉积物的mcrA基因丰度为1.38×103~8.25×104 copies/g。基因丰度大西洋最高,太平洋次之,印度洋最低;马里亚纳海沟略高于南海。本研究发现,相较于冷泉、热液、近海河口等海洋生境,大洋沉积物中甲烷代谢古菌丰度低且群落结构单一,不同海区样品间具有极高的相似性;同时发现OSD group是全球大洋沉积物样品的绝对优势类群,其与已知类群序列亲缘关系均较远,分类进化地位尚不明晰,值得进一步研究。

关 键 词:大洋表层沉积物  甲烷代谢古菌  mcrA基因  高通量测序  实时定量PCR
收稿时间:2022-06-10
修稿时间:2022-07-04

Composition and distribution of methane metabolic archaea in oceanic surface sediments
Liu Hao,Xu Qiutong,Wang Chunsheng, et al. Composition and distribution of methane metabolic archaea in oceanic surface sediments[J]. Haiyang Xuebao,2023, 45(1):80–88 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023010
Authors:Liu Hao  Xu Qiutong  Wang Chunsheng  Jing Hongmei
Affiliation:1. Key Laboratory for Experimental Study under Deep-sea Extreme Conditions, Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China;;2. Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China;;3. HKUST Sanya Joint Laboratory of Marine Science Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China;;4. Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China;;5. Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya 572000, China;;6. South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
Abstract:
The microorganisms that generate and utilize methane are recognized as the key parts of global methane cycle, and their metabolic process has significant effects on global climate change. The knowledge upon composition and distribution characteristics of these methane metabolic microorganisms in global ocean sediments is the basis to understand the participation of methane metabolizing microorganisms in marine sediments in methane cycle. Pyrosequencing based on functional gene mcrA (methyl coenzyme-M reductase A) was applied to study the community composition and abundance of methane metabolic microbes in global ocean sediments, and their abundance together with those of archaea were estimated with fluorescence real-time quantitative PCR. Compared with other marine habitats, the methane metabolic archaeal communities in the deep ocean sediments had a much lower diversity and simpler community structure. The α-diversity in Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean was significantly higher than that in the Pacific Ocean (p<0.05). Methanogens revealed from this study belong to three orders, Methanobacteriales, Methanosarcinales, and Methanomicrobiales. Methanomicrobiales as the dominant one was predominated by an unknown OSD group. The average abundance (wet weight, the same below) of archaeal 16S rRNA gene in all sediments was 8.81×106 copies/g. Those in Atlantic Ocean was lower than the other two oceans; while those in the Mariana Trench was lower than in the northern part of the South China Sea, and tended to decrease with the increase of sediment depth. The abundance of mcrA gene in all sediment samples was 1.38×103–8.25×104 copies/g. Those in Atlantic Ocean was the highest. It revealed that low abundance and diversity of methane metabolic archaea in the deep-sea sediments, and the high similarities among different communities among samples in different oceans. In addition, the OSD group recovered as the predominant group in this study had no close relationship with any other known genotypes in the GenBank, therefore, its taxonomic status was unknown and deserve further study.
Keywords:oceanic surface sediments  methane metabolic archaea  mcrA gene  high throughput sequencing  real-time quantitative PCR
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