国际冰雪旅游的研究进展及启示

冰雪是一种自然现象，也是一种宝贵的旅游资源，已经衍生为全球旅游业中的重要业态。冰雪旅游在欧美发达国家兴起和发展，后逐渐扩展到全球，一直以来备受学界和业界关注。本研究以Web of Science为数据库，对相关文献进行系统整理和阅读，以定性和定量相结合的方式对国际冰雪旅游研究的研究分布、研究热点、研究趋势和主要议题进行深入剖析，以期为后续研究提供借鉴和参考。研究发现：(1) 1988年以来国际冰雪旅游相关文献数量持续攀升，研究者和机构主要集中在欧美冰雪产业发达的国家，但中国正在快速崛起。(2)国际冰雪旅游研究热点呈现一定的阶段性，初始阶段侧重于探讨“滑雪伤害”，后随着全球气候变暖趋势明显，使得“气候变化”相关主题成为关注热点且延续至今，近些年冰雪旅游产业可持续发展、冰雪旅游产品供给、冰雪赛事等一批视角创新、尺度微观的研究涌现。(3)国际冰雪旅游研究主要围绕“自然影响”“游客体验”和“产业发展”3个话题展开。最后，本研究分析了国际冰雪旅游研究对中国的启示，从研究尺度、研究视角、研究方法和研究价值等方面指出中国冰雪旅游研究的方向。

Research progress on international ice-snow tourism and its implications for China

Ice and snow are natural phenomena as well as valuable tourism resources. Originating in the European mountains in the late 19th century, ice-snow tourism has become an increasingly significant sector of the tourism industry. Despite sustained growth, international ice-snow tourism has faced unprecedented threats in recent years. The ice-snow tourism in China has developed in recent years. However, ice-snow tourism industry in China has proliferated in the past few years, especially after China won the 2022 Winter Olympics bid in 2015. The purpose of this study is to summarize international studies on ice-snow tourism and then provide references for future studies in China. Articles associated with ice-snow tourism, published before the year 2021, were retrieved from the Web of Science core collection with the topics “ice tourism”, “ski tourism”, “snow tourism”, “winter tourism” and “ski resort”. Based on a systematic review of the literature, Citespace was also used to perform text mining and visual analysis. The results show that: (1) Research of international ice-snow tourism increased continuously from the year of 1988, with developed countries in Europe and America contributing most of the research, while China showed its great potential in this field. (2) Tourism injuries dominated the initial phase of international ice-snow tourism studies, whereas climate change attracted attention afterward due to the consensus on global warming. In recent studies, studies have focused on ice-snow tourism industry sustainability, diversity of products and services in ski resorts, and other micro-level topics. (3) Knowledge structure of international ice-snow tourism studies was visualized as co-citation clusters, with 7 clusters identified. As a result of comparing labels and reading associated articles, these clusters could be grouped into three main categories: impact on the natural environment, tourists' experience, and industry development. Additionally, this study suggests that Chinese research on ice-snow tourism has generally focused on discourse at the macro level, and used similar perspectives, conventional data sources and research methods compared to international studies. Therefore, this study concludes that future research on ice-snow tourism in China should pay more attention to in-depth case studies, multiple perspectives, new data and methods, and the practical value of research.