历史上治黄治淮的环境后果

本文通过历史与现代过程的分析,探讨了历史上治黄治淮的环境效应,特别是黄河筑堤和淮河高家堰修筑所造成的环境后果。黄河筑堤为下游平原地区的开发提供了条件,但河床的抬高,地上河的形成,使黄河改道频繁,并由此控制了徽地貌的形成,影响了土壤的成土过程和分布、地表水和地下水动念、涝渍灾害和盐碱化。黄河夺淮后,高家堰的修筑使洪泽湖面积急剧扩大,水位迅速提高,并使之成为中国和世界上最早的大水库。并由此增加了洪涝灾害的机遇和频率。

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS INDUCED BY MAN'S REGULAIONS ON THE HUANGHE AND HUAIHE RIVERS IN HISTORY

By the analysis of historical and contemporary processes, it has approached to the environmental effects of harnessing the Huanghe and Huaihe Rivers, especially the environmental results caused by diking on the Huanghe and the daming on the Huaihe The diking on the Huanghe had provided the conditions to develop the plain in the lower reaches, but caused the uprising of bed and formed the "hanging river" that had resulted in the frequently changing its course, controlled the origination of micro-geomorphology and affacted the forming process and distribution of soil, regimes of surface water and ground water, flood and water-logging hazards and salinization. Since the Huanghe capturing the Huaihe, construction of the Gaojiayan dam caused the fastly extending the area and the increasing the water level of the Hongzhehu lake that became the first large reservoir in China and in the world. The uplifting of the lake basin had increased the opportunities and frequency of the flood and water logging hazards.