旅游发展引导下乡村城市化的驱动力——以云台山景区内乡村为例

除了工业发展的动力之外，旅游作为一种市场动力，已被证明可以有效引导乡村城市化的实现。因此，在旅游发展的引导下，乡村城市化背后的驱动力以及各动力主体之间的作用关系亟待新的探索和突破。文章引入“国家―市场―社会”作为分析城市化驱动力的三元框架，以云台山景区内的乡村为例，通过观察、访谈等定性研究方法，认为在旅游发展所引导乡村城市化的背后，国家、市场、社会这三元动力在动力主体、作用发挥、角色扮演上和原本框架中各个动力的所指相比都已经发生了转变，主要体现在市场动力从市场供给一方转变为市场需求一方，社会动力从村民组织转变为村民个体。通过案例的实证分析，总结出了地方政府、需求市场、村民个体作为旅游发展引导下乡村城市化的三元驱动力，“地方政府―需求市场―村民个体”的分析框架也是对“国家―市场―社会”分析框架针对具体研究问题的有效修正和补充。

Driving Forces of Rural Urbanization Led by Tourism Development: A Case Study of the Villages in Yuntai Mountain

Besides industrialization, it has been proved that tourism can lead rural urbanization. Therefore, under the tourism development, the driving forces and relationship among the forces of rural urbanization need new exploration. This paper, quoting “country-market-society” as the triple framework to explain the driving forces of rural urbanization led by tourism, taking the villages in Yuntai Mountain as case place, and using qualitative methods including observation and interview, proves that behind the rural urbanization led by tourism, the triple framework of country-market-society has changed in subject, effect and role, that is mainly embodied in that the market force has changed from supply to demand, and society force from organization to individuals. Based on the case research, this paper summarizes the triple driving force of rural urbanization led by tourism: local government, demand market, and villager individuals. The framework of “local government-demand market-village individuals” can correct and replenish the framework of “country-market-society” effectively.