湖北省百岁人口分布与长寿区自然环境背景

基于人口普查数据，运用ArcGIS 空间分析以及SPSS 数理统计方法，对湖北省百岁人口分布与相对长寿区的自然环境背景进行研究，结果表明：过去50 a 来，湖北省百岁人口数量不断增加，百岁人口比率不断提高，但其百岁人口总数在全国的占比一直低于人口总数的占比，百岁人口比率与全国平均水平的差距越来越大；县域百岁人口比率空间差异明显，鄂北岗地稳居前茅，鄂西南山地、江汉平原、鄂东南丘陵百岁人口比率增长相对迅速；百岁人口重心向东南迁移并向省域几何中心和总人口重心靠近。湖北省的相对长寿区包括29 个县域，主要分布在鄂北岗地和江汉平原外缘的平原丘陵交错带，其自然环境背景是：气候温和、夏无酷暑、冬无严寒、雨量适中、阳光充足、空气流动性好、海拔较低、地形平缓，土壤中富含钼、锰、锌等微量元素。

Geographic Distribution of Centenarians and Environmental Backgrounds of Longevity Regions in Hubei Province

With the Census data, we analyzed the distribution characteristics and the natural environmental backgrounds of longevity regions in Hubei in the past fifty years, using ArcGIS spatial-temporal analysis and SPSS mathematical statistics methods. The study showed that: During the past fifty years, the ratio of the centenarians between Hubei and the whole country had been lower than that of the population, and the gap with the average level of the whole country had been greater; The spatial difference of ratio of the centenarians in county area was obvious, the ratio of Hillock Farmland in Northern Hubei ranked the top, and the ratio of southwest mountainous region, Jianghan plain and hilly regions of southeastern Hubei grew rapidly; The center of gravity of the centenarians moved southeastward and gradually approached the geometric center and population mean center of the province. There were 29 relative longevity districts in the last 50 years, which were mainly distributed on the Hillock Farmland in Northern Hubei and plain-hill ecotone at the rim of the Jianghan plain, while others distributed in the low mountains and hills in northeastern, southeastern and southwestern Hubei. There were some nature-environmental features in those relative longevity districts, such as no intense heat in summer, no severe cold in winter and moderate rainfall, good airflow, lower altitude, flat terrain and soil rich in Mo, Mn, Zn and other trace elements.