文化生态学视角下的南海诸岛地名文化

地名具有丰富的文化内涵，正日益受到学术界的高度关注。南海诸岛及其附近海域是中国政治敏感地带，多国为主权归属问题摩擦不断，研究其地名文化历史演变问题可为维护中国领土主权提供有力证据。基于南海诸岛地名命名、变更和演变等资料，采用文本分析方法，分析《更路簿》和不同时期公布的南海诸岛命名资料，并利用 GIS 将地名的演变情况进行地理可视化表达，同时对南海诸岛及其附近海域的开发者--渔民和老船长等进行深入访谈。研究发现：南海诸岛的土地名主要依据岛礁的自然地理环境特征而命名，地名的更替、消亡与社会文化环境紧密相关；1935 年公布的地名以音译英文地名为主，1947 年更名以去外国化、美化、纪念地名为主，1983 年对 1947 年所公布的标准地名更改很少，在这 118 个地名中，增加了前几次未公布地名 39 个，这些地名几乎都沿用渔民命名的土地名。

The Culture of Place Names of South China Sea Islands from the Cultural Ecology Perspective

As place names have rich cultural connotation, they have attracted more and more researchers. The South China Sea is a politically sensitive area in our country, considering its constant sovereign friction. In this point, research of cultural and historical evolution of the place names can provide strong evidence for safeguarding China’s sovereignty. In this study, based on the data about place names and the changes and evolution of the South China Sea Islands, we analyzed the book “Road Change Records” and place names data of the South China Sea Islands at different times using the text analysis method. Then the place names evolution was visualized using ArcGIS, and in-depth interviews with local fishermen and old captains were conducted. It was found that, the folk place names of South China Sea Islands were named mainly based on the natural geographical environment characteristics. The replacement and disappearing of place names was closely related to social and cultural environments. Most place names published in 1935 were the transliteration of English names, and the place name change in 1947 was mainly aimed to wiping off foreign elements and replace with beautification or memorial place names. There were few changes in the place names published in 1983 compared with the standard names published in 1947. Of the 118 place names, 39 were new names which had not been published before, and almost all of them were adopted from the folk place names given by fishermen.