GNSS滑坡监测预警技术进展

滑坡灾害在全球广泛分布,严重影响人类活动和人居安全。全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)已经被广泛应用于滑坡灾害监测预警工作,但其在复杂场景监测预警中依然存在诸多技术瓶颈。本文首先综述了GNSS硬件数据采集、软件数据处理和多源融合监测等方面的研究进展,重点分析了各类GNSS滑坡监测技术优势、适用范围和存在问题;然后,从滑坡位移预测、临滑时间预报和预警实施等方面介绍了GNSS滑坡预警的技术方法;最后,在梳理复杂场景GNSS实时滑坡监测预警中面临挑战的基础上,对GNSS滑坡监测预警技术的发展趋势和研究方向提出了一些思路。

Review of GNSS landslide monitoring and early warning

Landslides, widely happening across the world, have a severely negative impact on human activities and people's residential security. GNSS has been widely used in landslide disaster monitoring and warning, but there are still many technical bottlenecks in complex scenario monitoring and warning. First of all, this paper reviews the current research on landslip reduction technologies by GNSS such as monitoring receiver, high-precision positioning and multi-source heterogeneous data fusion monitoring, and lays special stress on analyzing the advantages, applicable range and latent problems of landslide-monitoring technologies of every kind. Furthermore, the technical methods suitable for releasing warning by GNSS are introduced from landslide displacement prediction, the prediction of sliding time and the implementation of early warning. Lastly, a comprehensive analysis on the challenges brought about by GNSS's real-time monitoring in complex scenarios is conducted, and some ideas are proposed for the future development and research of technologies monitoring and warning landslides through GNSS.